And while the nation was formerly named `` The Islamic Republic of Pakistan '', it is now simply `` The Republic of Pakistan ''.

Afghanistan ( Persian / Pashto:, Afġānistān ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia.

* Islamic Republic Day ( Iran )

* Article on Amir Abdur Rahman Khan on Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan (. com )

At least 162 killings in 19 countries have been linked to the senior leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Following the retirement of the F-14 by the US, the weapon's only current operator is Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force.

Both the F-14 Tomcat and AIM-54 Phoenix missile continue in the service of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, although the operational abilities of these aircraft and the missiles are questionable, since the US refused to supply spare parts and maintenance after the 1979 revolution ; except for a brief period during the Iran-Contra Affair.

Two F-14 Tomcats of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force | IRIAF, armed with different types of air-to-air missiles, including AIM-54 Phoenixes.

The Union of the Comoros, known as the Islamic Federal Republic of the Comoros until 2003, is ruled by Ahmed Abdallah Sambi.

While the CIA and MI6 and the People's Liberation Army of China financed the operation along with the Pakistan government against the Soviet Union Eventually the Soviet Union began looking for a withdrawal route and in 1988 Geneva Accords were signed between Communist-Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ; under the terms Soviet troops were to withdraw.

In 2005, the Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has issued the fatwā that the production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons are forbidden under Islam and that Iran shall never acquire these weapons.

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has close and friendly relations with a number of countries around the world, including: the United States, Japan, Germany, Turkey, India, China, Canada, Russia, United Arab Emirates and many others.

With the signing of the Geneva Accords, President Najibullah unsuccessfully sought to end the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan's isolation within the Islamic world and in the Non-Aligned Movement.

In the modern Islamic Republic of Iran the rahbar ( Supreme Leader, at present Ali Khamenei ) serves as head of state, above the elected ( sometimes lay ) president, who is formally the constitutional head of government.

The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of the US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia Islamist groups in Iraq ( SCIRI ) and Lebanon ( Hezbollah ), ( two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations ).

Today, antisemitic themes have become commonplace in the propaganda of Arab Islamic movements such as Hizbullah and Hamas, in the pronouncements of various agencies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and even in the newspapers and other publications of Refah Partisi.

Islamic armies conquered part of Persia, Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Armenia, and what is now the modern-day post-Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan and surrounded the Byzantine heartland ( present-day Turkey ) in a pincer movement which extended from the Mediterranean to the Caucasus and the southern shores of the Caspian.

Muhammad Yunus Nawandish was appointed as Mayor of Kabul by the President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in January, 2010, and governs a City of an estimated five million in population.

Israel's recognition by the Islamic Republic of Mauritania was maintained by the new regime.

The bilateral relations between the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan were fully established between 1962 and 1963.

* 1953 – The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan names the country The Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), in his treatise on Justice and Jihad and his commentary on Plato's Republic, writes that the human mind can know of the unlawfulness of killing and stealing and thus of the five maqasid or higher intents of the Islamic sharia or to protect religion, life, property, offspring, and reason.

At the same time, an Islamist party, the Islamic Party of Malaysia ( PAS ) and a Chinese socialist party, the Democratic Action Party ( DAP ), gained increasing support, at the expense of UMNO and the MCA respectively.

Hezbollah (, literally " Party of Allah " or " Party of God ") is a Shi ' a Islamic militant group and political party based in Lebanon.

Legislators from the Iraqi Accord Front, Sadrist Movement and Islamic Virtue Party all opposed the bill.

** Islamic Dawa Party ( Hizb al-Da ' wa al-Islamiyya )-led by Nouri al-Maliki

Although the reasons for Saddam Husayn's decision to invade Iran were complicated, the leaders of the Baath Party had long resented Iranian hegemony in the Persian Gulf region and had especially resented the perceived Iranian interference in Iraq's internal affairs both before and after the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

Other lesser known groups include the Islamic Liberation Party, Al-Najun min al-nar and Al-Takfir wa al-Hijra and these groups have variously been involved in activities such as attempted assassinations of political figures, arson of video shops and attempted takeovers of government buildings.

Some of the NIF policies, such as the war with the non-Muslim south, have been reversed, though the National Islamic Front ( now named the National Congress Party ) still holds considerable power in the Sudanese government.

** The second was based in Cyprus and led by Homayoun Jarir, a member of the Islamic Party of his father-in-law, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.

The three most competitive opposition parties are the People's Justice Party ( Parti Keadilan Rakyat in Malay, shortened to PKR ), the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( Parti Islam se-Malaysia, or PAS ), and the Democratic Action Party ( DAP ).

The Islamic Party of Malaysia ( PAS ) promotes a more Islamist political agenda, while the Democratic Action Party ( DAP ) promotes a more democratic socialist economic policy.

The opposition Barisan Alternatif coalition, led by the Islamic Party of Malaysia ( PAS ), increased its seats to 42.

Some state governments controlled by the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party, including that of Terengganu, have passed Islamic laws, but these have not gone into effect due to opposition from the federal government.

There main parties registered in Maldives are: the Maldivian Democratic Party ( MDP ), the Dhivehi Raiyyithunge Party ( DRP ), the Islamic Democratic Party ( IDP ) and the Adhaalath Party, also known as the Adhaalath Party.

New parties include the Maldivian Peoples Party, the Islamic Democratic Party and the Adhaalath Party.

Aristotle was one of the most revered Western thinkers in early Islamic theology.

The title " teacher " was first given to Aristotle by Muslim scholars, and was later used by Western philosophers ( as in the famous poem of Dante ) who were influenced by the tradition of Islamic philosophy.

Since the minting of coins was a prerogative accorded in Islamic practice only to a sovereign, it can be considered that Osmanli became independent of the Mongol Khans.

Abu Bakr ( Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa ) (, c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE ) also known as Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq ( Arabic: أبو بكر الصديق ) was a senior companion ( Sahabi ) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

He was instrumental in the conversion of many people to the Islamic faith and early in 623, Abu Bakr's daughter Aisha was married to Muhammad, strengthening the ties between the two men.

Andrew, who was now with Saint Louis, interpreted David's message to the King, a real or pretended offer of alliance from the Mongol general Eljigidei, and a proposal of a joint attack upon the Islamic powers of Syria.

In the Islamic times, a pseudo-etymology was produced by the historian Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri ( d. 892 ) quoting a folk story that the town was presumably founded by one " Abbad bin Hosayn " from the Arabian Tribe of Banu Tamim, who established a garrison there during the governorship of Hajjaj in the Ummayad period.

On 19 August 1978 — the anniversary of the US backed pro-Shah coup d ' état which overthrew the nationalists and popular Iranian prime minister, Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh — the Cinema Rex, a movie theatre in Abadan, Iran, was set ablaze by four Islamic Revolution sympathizers in an attempt to help the cause of Iran's Islamic Revolution.

After the Arab Islamic conquest in the 7th century AD Assyria was dissolved as an entity.

The city of Assur was still occupied by Assyrians during the Islamic period until the 14th century when Tamurlane conducted a massacre of indigenous Assyrian Christians.

Latin translation of Abū Maʿshar's De Magnis Coniunctionibus (‘ Of the great Conjunction ( astronomy and astrology ) | conjunctions ’), Venice, 1515. Astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars following the collapse of Alexandria to the Arabs in the 7th century, and the founding of the Abbasid empire in the 8th.

After the Soviet withdrawal, between 1992 and 1996, he was minister of defense in the new government of the Islamic State of Afghanistan under president Burhanuddin Rabbani, and acted as its military leader in the civil war against competing militias around Kabul.

During that time, while studying at Kabul University, Massoud became involved with the Sazman-i Jawanan-i Musulman (" Organization of Muslim Youth "), the student branch of the Jamiat-i Islami (" Islamic Society "), whose chairman then was professor Burhanuddin Rabbani.

The first autobiographical work in Islamic society was written in the late 11th century, by Abdallah ibn Buluggin, last Zirid king of Granada.

The Islamic Golden Age was inaugurated by the middle of the 8th century by the ascension of the Abbasid Caliphate and the transfer of the capital from Damascus to the newly founded city Baghdad.

Omari came from Asir Province, a poor region in southwestern Saudi Arabia that borders Yemen, and graduated with honours from high school, attained a degree from the Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, was married, and had a daughter.

As was common during the years of Islamic expansion from Arabia, religious tolerance was practiced.

His later life was spent in various parts of the Islamic world, in Aleppo with its governor Sayf ad-Dawlah ( to whom he dedicated the Book of Songs ), in Ray with the Buwayhid vizier Ibn ' Abbad, and elsewhere.

The Islamic conquest of Afghanistan ( 642 – 870 ) began in the middle of the 7th century after the Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, when Arab Muslims defeated the Sassanid Empire at the battles of Walaja, al-Qādisiyyah and Nahavand.