The Criminal Justice Act of 1948 restricted imprisonment for juveniles and brought improvements to the probation and remand centres systems, while the passage of the Justices of the Peace Act of 1949 led to extensive reforms of magistrates courts.

In the court system on the islands, there is a panel of Justices of the Peace ( JPs ) who sit in the Summary Court, which has no jury.

In December it was announced that all the offices of deputy lieutenants and Justices of the Peace would be revised.

The lowest courts in the Isle of Man are presided over by the High Bailiff and the Deputy High Bailiff, along with lay Justices of the Peace.

Locke's father, also called John, was a country lawyer and clerk to the Justices of the Peace in Chew Magna, who had served as a captain of cavalry for the Parliamentarian forces during the early part of the English Civil War.

The only native judges are the Justices of the Peace, who only handle civil cases where sums involved do not exceed 15, 000 €.

* December 1 – Under the County and Borough Police Act, in any county or area of England and Wales where a police force has not already been established, the Justices of the Peace must from this date take steps to create one according to nationally defined standards.

Justices of the Peace in Justice of the Peace Courts are addressed and referred to as " Your Honour ".

Yet the most significant legal reform was probably that concerning the Justices of the Peace.

Reber, Clerk ; Isaac Newland and Samuel Reed, Justices of the Peace ; William Riser and Isaac Stroup, Constables. Bonds totaling 18, 000 dollars were issued for the extension of the Frisco Railway through Bruno Township.

The town's Justices of the Peace in 1831 were Parker Merrill, George W. Pillsbury, Benning Leavitt, John Palmer and A.

Justices of The Peace: L. B.

He was the town's first postmaster and one of Fannin County's earliest Justices of the Peace.

Justices of Peace:

Lancashire's High Sheriff and Justices of the Peace petitioned the king to repair the castle.

Harrison had to divide his time between Lancaster and designing and building Chester Castle's Shire Hall and Courts ; work at Lancaster slowed, partly because of dwindling funds due to war with France, and Harrison was released from the work as the Justices of the Peace felt it was taking too long.

* His / Her Worship — mayors of territorial authorities and Justices of the Peace.

All Justices of the Peace would be allowed to submit cases to the court, with cases to be heard within 60 days.

The Legislative Council comprised the above officials and three Justices of the Peace.

* Leading the local magistracy as chairman of the Advisory Committee on Justices of the Peace ; and

Justices of the Peace were reluctant to apply the full penalty.

Under the new arrangements the bailies were abolished and replaced by Justices of the Peace serving in the District Courts of Scotland, these posts no longer holding any authority within the local authority as an administrative body.

* William Lambarde-Eirenarcha: or of the Office of the Justices of Peace

The number of Associate Justices is determined by the United States Congress and is currently set at eight by the Judiciary Act of 1869.

The Senior Courts Act 1981 provides that the Court of Appeal comprise 38 ordinary sitting Lords Justices and the Lord Chief Justice, Master of the Rolls, President of the Queen's Bench Division, President of the Family Division, and Chancellor of the High Court.

The Justices divided, with four voting to end the system as invalid under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 without any need to reference the constitutional issue, and four voting to uphold affirmative action as constitutional ; Justice Lewis Powell cast the deciding vote, referencing the constitutional issue and holding that in some cases race could be deemed a valid factor in admissions to institutions of higher education.

Courts Leet can be traced to Norman times, and the Manor of Fyling Court Leet was mentioned and recognised in the Administration of Justices Act 1977 to continue to transact the " Management of the Commons in the Manor ".

In British Columbia, pursuant to the Provincial Court Act, all judges are Justices of the Peace, and hence all of them are Peace Officers.

In the Irish Free State the position was effectively abolished by the District Justices ( Temporary Provisions ) Act 1923 and permanently abolished by the Courts of Justice Act 1924.

However, Justices of the Peace no longer sat out of petty sessions after 1935 ( Summary Jurisdiction and Criminal Justice Act ( Northern Ireland ) 1935 ).

* Justices of the Peace Act

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union,, is a United States Supreme Court case in which all nine Justices of the Court voted to strike down anti-indecency provisions of the Communications Decency Act ( the CDA ), finding they violated the freedom of speech provisions of the First Amendment.

" The new legislation declared that all those in jail were now deemed to have been lawfully arrested and to be in lawful custody and decreed that " no Court, Judge, Justices of the Peace or other person shall during the continuance of this Act discharge, bail or liberate the said Natives ".

The Judiciary Act 1903 was finally passed on 25 August 1903, and the first three justices, Chief Justice Sir Samuel Griffith and Justices Sir Edmund Barton and Richard O ' Connor were appointed on 5 October of that year.

Justices of the Peace were empowered by the 1862 Rural Highways Act to combine turnpike trusts into Highways Districts.

All Lord Chief Justices of England and Wales have, since 1958, been created life peers under the Life Peerages Act, with the exception of Lord Woolf, who was already a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary before becoming Lord Chief Justice.

The following Quarter Sessions were abolished by the Justices of the Peace Act 1949 on 1 October 1951.

Of the four justices outside the plurality, Justices Ginsburg and Souter limited their opinions to their position that Section 4001 ( a ) of Title 18 of the United States Code ( the Non-Detention Act ; enacted to prevent the sort of detention that occurred when the United States placed Japanese-American citizens in concentration camps during World War II ) prevented the detention of U. S. citizens.

The Act set the number of Supreme Court justices at six: one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices.

In 1867 a commission was created to look into issues with the central courts, and the outcome was the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, under which all the central courts were made part of a single Supreme Court of Judicature, with the three central courts becoming three of the five divisions of the Supreme Court ; this was not designed to be permanent, but rather to avoid having to retire or demote two of the three Chief Justices to allow a single head of the Supreme Court, as this would have violated the constitutional principle that senior justices were irremovable.

In 1818 he published, in four volumes, The Political State of the British Empire, containing a general view of the domestic and foreign possessions of the crown, the laws, commerce, revenue, offices, and other establishments, civil and military ; in 1824, Observations on the Vagrant Act and some other Statutes, and on the Powers and Duties of Justices of the Peace, in the main a protest against some " nanny state " legislation of the time ; and in 1839 the Memoirs of John Bannister the actor, whom he had known well.

An odd proviso to the post-ruling status was that, until a formal change of the provincial Solemnization of Marriage Act, the Minister of Justice still required the terms " husband and wife " to be used by Justices of the Peace in any wedding.

However they were still called " Justices in Eyre " in the Treason Act 1351 ( under which it was high treason to kill them in the execution of their office ).