In the U. S. federal court system, criminal defendants must file a notice of appeal within 10 days of the entry of either the judgment or the order being appealed, or the right to appeal is forfeited.

In an adversarial system, appellate courts do not have the power to review lower court decisions unless a party appeals it.

In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case ; at least one intermediate appellate court ; and a supreme court ( or court of last resort ) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts.

In the federal system, Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 ( i )( 4 ) provides that the court must " address the defendant personally in order to permit the defendant to speak or present any information to mitigate the sentence.

Antigua and Barbuda is a member of the eastern Caribbean court system.

The potential punishment for an assault in Canada varies depending on the manner in which the charge proceeds through the court system and the type of assault that is committed.

Legal scholar Jim Drennan, an expert on the court system at the Institute of Government at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, told the Winston-Salem Journal in a 2007 interview that the ability to use this form of guilty plea as an option in courts had a far-reaching effect throughout the United States.

According to Robert Longley, " Clinton and Gore were responsible for pressing almost all federal agencies, the U. S. court system and the U. S. military onto the Internet, thus opening up America's government to more of America's citizens than ever before.

Additionally, from at least the 11th century and continuing for several centuries after that, there were several different circuits in the royal court system, served by itinerant judges who would travel from town to town dispensing the King's justice.

Henry II's creation of a powerful and unified court system, which curbed somewhat the power of canonical ( church ) courts, brought him ( and England ) into conflict with the church, most famously with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury.

While Israeli law is undergoing codification, its basic principles are inherited from the law of the British Mandate of Palestine and thus resemble those of British and American law, namely: the role of courts in creating the body of law and the authority of the supreme court in reviewing and if necessary overturning legislative and executive decisions, as well as employing the adversarial system.

Chile's judiciary is independent and includes a court of appeal, a system of military courts, a constitutional tribunal, and the Supreme Court.

* Victims, on their own, may lack the economies of scale that could allow them to administer a penal system, let alone to collect any fines levied by a court.

The most common forms are civil conciliation and domestic conciliation, both of which are managed under the auspices of the court system by one judge and two non-judge " conciliators.

In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision.

He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court.

In Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, the Druze have official recognition as a separate religious community with its own religious court system.

Although Adams was finally found innocent after years of being processed by the legal system, the judge in the habeas corpus hearing officially stated that, " much could be said about those videotape interviews, but nothing that would have any bearing on the matter before this court.

The court ruled that the OSP violated article IX, section 1 ( a ) of the Florida Constitution: " Adequate provision shall be made by law for a uniform, efficient, safe, secure, and high quality system of free public schools.

He and the Republican-controlled legislature also enacted " reforms " of the court system that resulted in an increase in the number of judicial appointments.

The court system of the Falklands is set out by Chapter VIII of the Constitution and closely resembles the system in England and Wales.

A court may strike down a law on the basis of an intuitive feeling that the law is inimical to the numerical majority.

The action of the Commission in allowing or denying any claim under this title shall be final and conclusive on all questions of law and fact and not subject to review by the Secretary of State or any other official, department, agency, or establishment of the United States or by any court by mandamus or otherwise.

Counsel for the Government invited Du Pont's views on this proposal before recommending a specific program, but stated that if the court desired, or if counsel for Du Pont thought further discussion would not be profitable, the Government was prepared to submit a plan within thirty days.

In the grand court of the Palace, notable for its tiers of Moorish galleries that looked down on the maelstrom of vehicles below, Vernon's station was at the entrance.

Not only were the court costs prohibitive, but I was subjected to crippling fines, in addition to usurious interest on the unpaid `` debts '' which the government claimed that Metronome and I owed -- a severe financial blow.

that on the immediate horizon, if further large-scale ( relatively speaking ) desegregation comes, it will result from court orders on suits filed in several Middle-South states.

Alcinous' court bard sings of the discovered adultery of Ares and Aphrodite ( Odyssey 8 266-366 ), and takes up a tale of Odysseus while the Ithacan wanderer listens on ( Odyssey 8 499-520 ).

`` Unfortunately '', says Chief Postal Inspector David H. Stephens, who has prosecuted many device quacks, `` the ghouls who trade on the hopes of the desperately ill often cannot be successfully prosecuted because the patients who are the chief witnesses die before the case is called up in court ''.

The jury also commented on the Fulton ordinary's court which has been under fire for its practices in the appointment of appraisers, guardians and administrators and the awarding of fees and compensation.

`` By winning against Bradley, Kentucky and Notre Dame on those teams' home courts, they showed that the home court advantage can be overcome anywhere and that it doesn't take a super team to do it ''.

The charge that the federal indictment of three Chicago narcotics detail detectives `` is the product of rumor, combined with malice, and individual enmity '' on the part of the federal narcotics unit here was made yesterday in their conspiracy trial before Judge Joseph Sam Perry in federal District court.

Some 30 spectators remained in the court during the day and were on hand to hear the verdict read.

The motorist later was identified as Richard Sarkees, 17, of 2433 McClellan, currently on probation and under court order not to drive.

They are definitely in the same room with you, but your head starts to swing as though you were sitting on the very edge of a tennis court watching a spirited volley.

The nature of an appeal can vary greatly depending on the type of case and the rules of the court in the jurisdiction where the case was prosecuted.

An appellate court is a court that hears cases on appeal from another court.

Depending on the particular legal rules that apply to each circumstance, a party to a court case who is unhappy with the result might be able to challenge that result in an appellate court on specific grounds.

This is usually done on the basis that the lower court judge erred in the application of law, but it may also be possible to appeal on the basis of court misconduct, or that a finding of fact was entirely unreasonable to make on the evidence.

Although edicts from King Louis XIV's court regularly came to the islands to suppress the Protestant " heretics ", these were mostly ignored by island authorities until Louis XIV's Edict of Revocation in 1685.

In the event, a court was not actually established until the Court Bill was passed in 1783, but even then the vested interests ensured that Suckling could still not take up his position, and the islands had a court but no judge.

Suckling finally left the islands without ever taking up his post ( or ever being paid ) on 2 May 1788, impoverished and embittered, due to the machinations of local interests which were fearful of the recourse of their creditors if a court was to be established.

The court refused but did not resist the Mongols and gathered the peasantry into the mountain fortresses and islands.

Sultan Hossein was faced with problems elsewhere in his realm – Arab pirates seized islands in the Persian Gulf and there were plagues in the north-western provinces – but he and his court failed to take decisive action.

He remained until 1578-79, mixing in the artistic circles round the court, staying with Germain Pilon and George of Ghent, respectively the Queen's sculptor and painter, and meeting Ronsard, who perhaps paid him the rather double-edged compliment later quoted by Hilliard: " the islands indeed seldom bring forth any cunning man, but when they do it is in high perfection ".

The temple and the attached fresh water Banganga Tank were built in 1127 AD by Lakshman Prabhu, a Gaud Saraswat Brahmin minister in the court of Silhara dynasty Kings who ruled Thane, and the islands of Mumbai during 810 to 1240 AD.

Four chiefs reign over the islands of Tikopia and Anuta, still holding court in their huts.

The walls which protect the ditch between both islands and the pillar pair at the entrance to the honourary court have the same function.

Following the fashions, originally developed in Hellenistic Alexandria, for rationalized glosses on the archaic myths and for allegorical interpretations, the fifth-century court poet of emperor Honorius, Claudian, composed a Gigantomachia, that viewed Gigantomachy as a metaphor for catastrophic geomorphic change: " The puissant company of the giants confounds all differences between things ; islands abandon the deep ; mountains lie hidden in the sea.

On May 2, 1977 the court ruled that the islands and all adjacent formations belonged to Chile.

The islands were however obliged after several court rulings to recognize any marriage ( including same-sex marriages ) registered anywhere in the Kingdom.

In the islands ' culture, there are a few elements of African origin as well, from slaves brought to the court by the Royal family and nobles from their Hajj journeys to Arabia in the past.