The Criminal Justice Act of 1948 restricted imprisonment for juveniles and brought improvements to the probation and remand centres systems, while the passage of the Justices of the Peace Act of 1949 led to extensive reforms of magistrates courts.

In the court system on the islands, there is a panel of Justices of the Peace ( JPs ) who sit in the Summary Court, which has no jury.

In December it was announced that all the offices of deputy lieutenants and Justices of the Peace would be revised.

The lowest courts in the Isle of Man are presided over by the High Bailiff and the Deputy High Bailiff, along with lay Justices of the Peace.

Locke's father, also called John, was a country lawyer and clerk to the Justices of the Peace in Chew Magna, who had served as a captain of cavalry for the Parliamentarian forces during the early part of the English Civil War.

The only native judges are the Justices of the Peace, who only handle civil cases where sums involved do not exceed 15, 000 €.

* December 1 – Under the County and Borough Police Act, in any county or area of England and Wales where a police force has not already been established, the Justices of the Peace must from this date take steps to create one according to nationally defined standards.

Yet the most significant legal reform was probably that concerning the Justices of the Peace.

Reber, Clerk ; Isaac Newland and Samuel Reed, Justices of the Peace ; William Riser and Isaac Stroup, Constables. Bonds totaling 18, 000 dollars were issued for the extension of the Frisco Railway through Bruno Township.

The town's Justices of the Peace in 1831 were Parker Merrill, George W. Pillsbury, Benning Leavitt, John Palmer and A.

Justices of The Peace: L. B.

He was the town's first postmaster and one of Fannin County's earliest Justices of the Peace.

Justices of Peace:

Lancashire's High Sheriff and Justices of the Peace petitioned the king to repair the castle.

Harrison had to divide his time between Lancaster and designing and building Chester Castle's Shire Hall and Courts ; work at Lancaster slowed, partly because of dwindling funds due to war with France, and Harrison was released from the work as the Justices of the Peace felt it was taking too long.

* His / Her Worship — mayors of territorial authorities and Justices of the Peace.

All Justices of the Peace would be allowed to submit cases to the court, with cases to be heard within 60 days.

The Legislative Council comprised the above officials and three Justices of the Peace.

* Leading the local magistracy as chairman of the Advisory Committee on Justices of the Peace ; and

* Justices of the Peace Act 1997

Justices of the Peace were reluctant to apply the full penalty.

Under the new arrangements the bailies were abolished and replaced by Justices of the Peace serving in the District Courts of Scotland, these posts no longer holding any authority within the local authority as an administrative body.

* William Lambarde-Eirenarcha: or of the Office of the Justices of Peace

Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States.

Associate Justices, like the Chief Justice, are nominated by the President of the United States and are confirmed by the United States Senate by majority vote.

Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it ; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.

The Chief Justice has certain administrative responsibilities that the other Justices do not and is paid slightly more ($ 223, 500 per year for the Chief Justice and $ 213, 900 per year for each Associate Justice ).

Associate Justices have seniority by order of appointment, although the Chief Justice is always considered to be the most senior.

However, retired Associate Justices ( unlike judges on senior status ) take no part in the consideration or decision of any cases before the Supreme Court, although they may be appointed by the Chief Justice to sit on lower courts.

Because Justice John Paul Stevens had recused himself, only eight Justices heard the case, and it ended in a 4 – 4 tie.

The Court of Appeal consists of a President and two Justices of Appeal, as well as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who serves as an ex officio member.

Sir John Popham was Lord Chief Justice, Sir Thomas Fleming was Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and two Justices, Sir Thomas Walmsley and Sir Peter Warburton, sat as Justices of the Common Pleas.

Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote the opinion and was joined by Justices Scalia, Alito, and Thomas and by Chief Justice Roberts.

Justice Samuel Nelson wrote the opinion of the Supreme Court in The Justices v. Murray, 76 U. S. 9 Wall.

The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices ; the other eight are the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States.

" Nothing more is said in the Constitution regarding the office, including any distinction between the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, who are not mentioned in the Constitution.

While the Chief Justice is appointed by the President, there is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the Chief Justice from among those Justices properly appointed and confirmed to the Supreme Court, and at least one scholar has proposed that presidential appointment should be done away with, and replaced by a process that permits the Justices to select their own Chief Justice.

Three serving Associate Justices have received promotions to Chief Justice ; Edward Douglass White in 1910, Harlan Fiske Stone in 1941, and William Rehnquist in 1986.

* Justices of the Canadian provincial Supreme Courts, addressed in Court as " My Lord " or " My Lady " and referred to in legal literature as " Lordships " or " Ladyships ".

The Senior Courts Act 1981 provides that the Court of Appeal comprise 38 ordinary sitting Lords Justices and the Lord Chief Justice, Master of the Rolls, President of the Queen's Bench Division, President of the Family Division, and Chancellor of the High Court.

Courts Leet can be traced to Norman times, and the Manor of Fyling Court Leet was mentioned and recognised in the Administration of Justices Act 1977 to continue to transact the " Management of the Commons in the Manor ".

: Also be it enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That all Justices, Commissioners, Sheriffs, Coroners, Escheators, Stewards, and their Lieutenants, and all other Officers and Ministers of the Law, shall proclaim and keep the Sessions Courts, Hundreds, Leets, Sheriffs Courts, and all other Courts in the English Tongue ;

# Chief Justices and Associate Chief Justices of provincial Superior Courts

In the Irish Free State the position was effectively abolished by the District Justices ( Temporary Provisions ) Act 1923 and permanently abolished by the Courts of Justice Act 1924.

Within the Scottish legal system Justices of the Peace are lay magistrates who currently sit in the Justice of the Peace Courts.

A respect for the democratic process requires that the Courts uphold legislation if there are rational facts and reasons that could support Congressional judgment, even if the Justices would come to different conclusions.

The High Court can hear appeals from the Supreme Courts of the States, from any federal court or court exercising federal jurisdiction ( such as the Federal Court of Australia ), and from decisions made by one or more Justices exercising the original jurisdiction of the court.

Below him were the Chief Justices of the High Courts of Malaya and Borneo ( and, until 1969, Singapore: see Law of Singapore ).

In 1994, in a move regarded as a further downgrading of the judiciary, the office of Lord President was renamed " Chief Justice of the Federal Court ", and the offices of Chief Justices of the High Courts in Malaya and in Borneo renamed " Chief Judge of the High Court in Malaya " and " Chief Judge of the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak " respectively.

* The Commission of the Peace for the appointment of Justices to sit in Petty Sessional Courts and exercise the ordinary duties of the magistracy ;

* The Magistrates ' Courts ( Transfer of Justices ' Clerks ' Functions ) ( Miscellaneous Amendments ) Rules 2001 Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 615

In 2007, he was elected to the board of the Conference of Chief Justices. Chief Justice Hernández Denton is also a member of the American Bar Association, the Iberoamerican Summit of Chief Justices and of the Conference of Constitutional Courts of Latin America and Spain, and an elected member of the American Law Institute.

The first hierarchy of courts was also established, consisting of the Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements, Courts of Request, Courts of Two Magistrates, Magistrates ' Courts, Coroners ' Courts and Justices of the Peace.