* 1993 – NASA loses contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft.

* 1992 – NASA launches the Mars Observer, a $ 511 million probe to Mars, in the first U. S. mission to the planet in 17 years.

* August 21 – NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Observer orbiter 3 days before the spacecraft is scheduled to enter orbit around Mars.

The Mars Observer spacecraft, also known as the Mars Geoscience / Climatology Orbiter, was a 1, 018-kilogram ( 2, 244 lb ) robotic space probe launched by NASA on September 25, 1992 to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, climate and magnetic field.

Mars Observer was originally planned to be launched in 1990 by a Space Shuttle Orbiter.

On August 21, 1993, at 01: 00 UTC, three days prior to the scheduled Mars orbital insertion, there was an " inexplicable " loss of contact with Mars Observer.

The force density, of roughly 0. 2 N ( 0. 04 lbf ) per square meter, that was exerted on the Mars Observer, during aerobraking is comparable to the force of a 40 mph ( 60 km / h ) wind on a human hand at sea level on Earth.

* Mars Observer — failed NASA Mars orbiter

After the loss of Mars Observer and the onset of the rising costs associated with the future International Space Station, NASA began seeking cheaper, smaller solutions to scientific interplanetary missions.

The first mission in the new program was Mars Global Surveyor, launched in 1996 to map Mars and provide geologic data using instruments intended for Mars Observer.

Following Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Climate Orbiter carried two instruments, one originally intended for Mars Observer, to study the climate and weather of Mars.

Only one spacecraft of this class was eventually constructed -- the Mars Observer.

The Observer program, starting with Mars Observer, was envisioned as a series of low-cost missions to the inner solar system, based on commercial Earth satellites.

* 2003 – Mars makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60, 000 years, passing distant.

* 1996 – NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms.

* 2012 – NASA's Curiosity rover lands on the surface of Mars.

* 1976 – Viking program: Viking 2 enters orbit around Mars.

* 1877 – Asaph Hall discovers the Mars moon Deimos.

* 1969 – Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars ( 3, 524 kilometers ).

* 2001 – Mars Odyssey is launched.

She also was a great-grandniece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer who believed he had discovered the supposed canals of Mars, and a great-grandniece of art expert Bernard Berenson ( 1865 – 1959 ) and his sister Senda Berenson ( 1868 – 1954 ), an athlete and educator who was one of the first two women elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.

* 2006 – NASA reveals photographs taken by Mars Global Surveyor suggesting the presence of liquid water on Mars.

* 1999 – NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Polar Lander moments before the spacecraft enters the Martian atmosphere.

* 1974 – Isaiah " Ikey " Owens, American keyboardist ( The Mars Volta )

* 1971 – Jared Leto, American actor and singer ( 30 Seconds to Mars )

Pages 35 – 46 in Darwin, Mars and Freud: Their influence on Moral Theory ( A L Caplan and B Jennings, Eds.

* 2002 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

Aerobraking does not require a thick atmosphere – for example most Mars landers use the technique, and Mars ' atmosphere is only about 1 % as thick as Earth's.

* 1999 – The Mars Polar Lander is launched.

* 1973 – Soviet Mars 5 space probe launched.

* 1976 – Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo.

* 2003 – The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission.

* 2004 – Opportunity rover ( MER-B ) lands on surface of Mars.

sq: 25 Mars

* August 25 – The Shergotty meteorite Mars meteorite falls in Sherghati, Gaya, Bihar, India.

Image: Jacques-Louis David-Mars desarme par Venus. JPG | Mars Being Disarmed by Venus ( 1822 – 25 ) by Jacques-Louis David

** Mars 5: July 25, 1973 at 18: 55: 48 UTC

MGA would carry a payload ten times larger than that of MABTEX, and would remain aloft for up to three months, circling Mars more than 25 times and covering over.

On 25 June 1812, the Champ de Mars Racecourse was inaugurated by The Mauritius Turf Club which was founded earlier in the same year by Colonel Edward A. Draper.

* Mariner 6 – 25 February 1969 – Mars flyby

* Mars 5 – 25 July 1973 – Mars orbiter

The orbiter worked until 25 July 1978, returning almost 16, 000 images in 706 orbits around Mars.

It was placed in a 302 × 33, 176 km orbit and turned off on 25 July 1978 after returning almost 16, 000 images in about 700 – 706 orbits around Mars.

* Mars flyby ( February 25, 2007 )

On February 25, 2007, the craft was scheduled for a low-altitude bypass of Mars, to correct the trajectory after the first launch in 2003 was delayed by one year.

The European Beagle 2 lander deployed successfully from the Mars Express spacecraft but the signal confirming a landing which should have come on 25 December 2003 was not received.

The U. S. Phoenix spacecraft successfully achieved soft landing on the surface of Mars on May 25, 2008, using a combination of parachutes and rocket descent engines.

During its construction, Mars employed more than 935 men from Giles County to build a 25, 000 square feet ( 2, 300 m² ) clubhouse, more than 30 barns, a horse racing track, and a show horse track.

Depending on how the region is defined, Tharsis covers 10 – 30 million km < sup > 2 </ sup >, or up to 25 % of Mars ’ surface area.

* August 25 – Opposition of Mars, closest approach to earth of Mars since 57, 617 BC, at a distance of 55, 758, 006 kilometers.

* December 25 – Mars Express enters orbit around Mars.