At their initial meeting the Coalition also adopted the slogan ' Against the racist backlash ', asserting that a war against Afghanistan would be perceived as an attack on Islam and that Muslims, or those perceived as Muslim, would apparently face racist attacks in Britain if the government joined the war ( even though Islam is a religious, rather than ethnic, identity ).

There are other organisations, such as Arts for Labour, Centre Left Grassroot Alliance, the Labour Animal Welfare Society, Muslims for Labour, Labour Against the Euro, and Labour Campaign for International Development, which are not formally affiliated to the Labour Party but act as campaign groups for Labour Party members.

* Musaji, Sheila ( 30 May 2010 ), " The Taqiyya Libel Against Muslims ", The American Muslim

Police said they had received a series of complaints from local Muslims about the activities of the “ Muslims Against Crusades ” group.

*-" In retaliation ", a group calling itself Muslims Against Global Oppression bombed a Planet Hollywood restaurant in Cape Town, South Africa on August 25, killing two and injuring 26.

Free Muslim Coalition Against Terrorism ( FMCAT ) is an Islamic organization, with headquarters in Washington, D. C., made up of American Muslims and Arabs dedicated to taking a stand against terrorism.

* Muslims Against Crusades

With the increase in contact between Christians and Muslims through the Crusades and the Moorish occupation of Spain, various magical ideas and concepts originating in the Islamic world made their way into European grimoires.

During the Crusades, both Muslims and Jews in Palestine were indiscriminately massacred or sold into slavery.

During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition ; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions ; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.

The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts, by western European Christians, to regain control of the Middle Eastern Holy Land from the Muslims, and succeeded long enough to establish Christian states in the Near East.

Likewise the inhabitants of conquered cities were frequently massacred during the Crusades against the Muslims in the 11th and 12th centuries.

Emden argued that the Zohar misquotes passages of Scripture ; misunderstands the Talmud ; contains some ritual observances which were ordained by later rabbinical authorities ; mentions The Crusades against Muslims ( who did not exist in the 2nd century ); uses the expression " esnoga ," a Portuguese term for " synagogue "; and gives a mystical explanation of the Hebrew vowel-points, which were not introduced until long after the Talmudic period.

Crusaders throwing the heads of Muslims over ramparts during the Crusades.

His motivation for political power probably came through what he thought to be dealings with other Muslims in the Middle East, particularly Sunnis, but because of the unrest in the Holy Land caused by the Crusades, Hassan-i Sabbah found himself not only fighting for power with other Muslims, but also with the invading Christian forces.

Folangji comes from Franques or Franks, which was a generic name the Muslims called Europeans since the Crusades, and which spawned the Indian-Southeast Asian term ferengi.

From the eleventh to the thirteenth century, European soldiers led by professional officers fought against the Muslims in the Crusades ( 1095 – 1291 ).

Some academics and writers have alleged Christian supremacism as a motivation for the Crusades to the “ Holy Land ,” as well as for crusades against Muslims and pagans throughout Europe.

The religious zeal fomented by the Crusades at times burned as fiercely against Jews as against Muslims, although attempts were made by bishops during the first Crusade and by the papacy during the second Crusade to stop Jews from being attacked.

In the UK its rallies have drawn thousands of Muslims, and the party is said to have outpaced the Muslim Brotherhood in both membership and radicalism.

In the UK, a Gallup poll showed that none of the 500 British Muslims polled believed homosexuality to be " morally acceptable ", compared with 35 % of the 1001 French Muslims polled.

The StraightWay Foundation is a UK based ex-gay organization which works with homosexual Muslims who seek to eliminate their same-sex attractions.

However, one can still find smaller mosques in more suburban and rural regions throughout Europe where Muslims populate, an example of this is the Shah Jahan Mosque in Woking, the first purpose built mosque in the UK.

Speaking to the Guardian following the release of the Borat film in the UK, Tatchell criticised Sacha Baron Cohen for his double standards and ‘ self-censorship ', saying " he regards Christians and Jews as fair game, he never gives Muslims the same doing over ".

* Sufi Muslim Council, a major British organization that represent a small number of UK Muslims

* The Revival ( UK magazine ), a magazine for British Muslims

"< ref name =" EM-B ">< 2006 Speech of Eliza Manningham-Buller Director-General of MI5 on the terrorist threat facing the United Kingdom She said that the video wills of British suicide bombers made it clear that they were motivated by perceived worldwide and long-standing injustices against Muslims ; an extreme and minority interpretation of Islam promoted by some preachers and people of influence ; their interpretation as anti-Muslim of UK foreign policy, in particular the UK ’ s involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The MAB opposes the US extradition request for Babar Ahmad, a UK IT specialist who has been accused of setting up websites which urged Muslims to " kill the Americans and their allies-civilians ".

The Muslim community in Ireland is not just small but diverse and its numbers are not determined by the country's history to the same extent as the UK and France, where the majority of Muslims are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from former colonies, or Germany and Austria, where the majority of Muslims are Turkish migrant workers and their descendants.

* The Satanic Verses controversy ; heated and frequently violent reaction of some Muslims to the publication of Salman Rushdie's 1988 novel The Satanic Verses in the UK

The constituency has the largest proportion of non-white people in the UK ; there is a significant Asian population, many of whom are Muslims.

She was among the first UK Muslims to receive one of the Muslim News Awards for Excellence in 2001, the Muhammad Iqbal Award for Creativity in Islamic Thought, mainly for her work in education.

His daughter, Rend Shakir, an entrepreneur based in Cambridge UK in the area of wireless mesh networking, is also a civil rights activist promoting communication between Muslims and non Muslims to mobilise support for fundamental freedoms and human rights.

It was reported in 2008 that UK government research found that 97. 3 % of British Muslims watched the channel.

The Muslim Public Affairs Committee UK ( MPACUK ) is a non-profit British Muslim organisation founded to address what it perceived as the underrepresentation of Muslims in British politics.

His following included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, and for the first time, thousands from abroad, the US, UK, Switzerland, Germany, including Dr. Julian Johnson and Dr. Pierre Schmidt.

Zakat or alms-giving is the practice of charitable giving by Muslims based on accumulated wealth, and is obligatory for all who are able to do so.

The constitution's 187 articles specify specific policies such as sharia law, a " unitary ruling system " headed by a caliph elected by Muslims, an economy based on the gold standard, public ownership of utilities, public transport, and energy resources, and Arabic as the " sole language of the State.

Malaysia's legal system is based on English Common Law, alongside a Sharia court system for Malaysian Muslims.

There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012.

A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the Qur ' an — which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad — and, with lesser authority than the Qur ' an, the teachings and practices of Muhammad as recorded in traditional accounts, called hadith.

The sharia is characterized as a discussion on the duties of Muslims based on both the opinion of the Muslim community and extensive literature.

The Salafi movement attracts followers from various schools of fiqh, and is based on the Quran, Sunnah and the actions and sayings of the first three generations of Muslims.

Historians generally agree that the adoption of the term " Uyghur " is based on a decision from a 1921 conference in Tashkent, which was attended by Turkic Muslims from the Tarim Basin ( Xinjiang ).

Today, in most Muslim countries, zakat is collected through a decentralized and voluntary system, where eligible Muslims are expected to pay the zakat based on worship and love of God.

Abu Sufyan sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion by waging another battle with Muslims based in Medina only a year after the Battle of Badr.

Because the People of the Book recognize the God of Abraham as the one and only god, as do Muslims, and they practice revealed faiths based on divine ordinances, tolerance and autonomy is accorded to them in societies governed by sharia ( Islamic divine law ).

William Montgomery Watt and Alfred Guillaume claim that stories of the event were true based upon the implausibility of Muslims fabricating a story so unflattering to their prophet: " Muhammad must have publicly recited the satanic verses as part of the Qur ' ān ; it is unthinkable that the story could have been invented by Muslims, or foisted upon them by non-Muslims.

Deobandi beliefs, like those of other Muslims, are based on the Quran and Sunnah.

To some degree, the early Muslims based their economic analyses on the Qur ' an ( such as opposition to riba, meaning usury / interest ), and from sunnah, the sayings and doings of Muhammad.

As a matter of fact, it might well lead into something forbidden which he himself has stated clearly in his book al-Rawd when he said: “ Whoever accuses a Muslim of being a disbeliever based on a sin committed by him, and without an attempt to interpret it favorably, he himself commits disbelief .” Yet here he is accusing an entire group of Muslims of disbelief.

Memory is very important to Chahine ’ s most recent work — whether of the " city of my childhood, Alexandria, between the two world wars tolerant, secular, open to Muslims, Christians and Jews " or of a more distant past: such as evoked in Adieu Bonaparte ( 1985 ), based on the cultural aspect of Bonaparte ’ s expedition into Egypt ( 1798 ).

He based this ruling his argument that the Mongols could not, in his opinion, be true Muslims despite the fact that they had converted to Sunni Islam because they ruled using what he considered ' man-made laws ' ( their traditional Yassa code ) rather than Islamic law or Sharia.

The ICM claim to the tekke is based upon their contention to represent all Muslims in Macedonia ; and indeed, they are one of two Muslim organizations recognized by the government, both Sunni.

Instead, music for Liberian Muslims are based on Quranic citations, adhan and music related to everyday life called suku.

Instead, the French administration in 1944 instituted a reform package, based on the 1936 Viollette Plan, that granted full French citizenship to certain categories of " meritorious " Algerian Muslims — military officers and decorated veterans, university graduates, government officials, and members of the Legion of Honor — who numbered about 60, 000.

The American historian, Richard Bulliet, in a work based on the quantitative use of the onomastic data as furnished by scholarly biographical dictionaries, concluded that it was only in the 10th century when the Andalusi emirate was firmly established and developed into the greatest power of the western Mediterranean under Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III, that the numerical ratio of Muslims and Christians in Al-Andalus was reversed in favour of the former.

The laws Muhammad established during his rule, based on the revelations of the Quran and doing of Muhammad, are considered by Muslims to be Sharia or Islamic law, which Islamic movements seek to replicate in the present day.