Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

Allan Dwan ( April 3, 1885 – December 28, 1981 ) was a pioneering Canadian-born American motion picture director, producer and screenwriter.

A decade and a half later, the Polish anthropology student, Bronisław Malinowski ( 1884 – 1942 ), was beginning what he expected to be a brief period of fieldwork in the old model, collecting lists of cultural items, when the outbreak of the First World War stranded him in New Guinea.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

Aldous Leonard Huxley ( 26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963 ) was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family.

The quipu of the Incas was a system of knotted cords used to record numerical data, like advanced tally sticks – but not used to perform calculations.

Fort Henry on the Tennessee River was in an especially unfavorable low – lying location commanded by hills on the Kentucky side of the river.

Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, although in a better location, also was not well – site, had a vulnerable land side and did not have enough heavy artillery for its defense against gunboats.

" The term made an impact into English pulp science fiction starting from Jack Williamson's The Cometeers ( 1936 ) and the distinction between mechanical robots and fleshy androids was popularized by Edmond Hamilton's Captain Future ( 1940 – 1944 ).

* John M. Pierce ( 1886 – 1958 ) was one of the founders of the Springfield Telescope Makers.

** Atlas III was a US launch vehicle ( 2000 – 2005 )

Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski () ( July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950 ) was a Polish-American philosopher and scientist.

Ramstedt's two-volume magnum opus, Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft (' Introduction to Altaic Linguistics ') was published in 1952 – 1957.

In sum, the idea was that Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic form a Sprachbund – the result of convergence through intensive borrowing and long contact among speakers of languages that are not necessarily closely related.

This was not a standard in a modern technical sense – it was the social standard of " upper class " speech.

In ancient times, the sea was the birthplace of two ancient civilizations – the Minoans of Crete and the Mycenean Civilization of the Peloponnese.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( äl ' fred bern ' härd nōbel ') () ( 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896 ) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer.

Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the fourth son of Immanuel Nobel ( 1801 – 1872 ), an inventor and engineer, and Andriette Ahlsell Nobel ( 1805 – 1889 ).

Through his father, Alfred Nobel was a descendant of the Swedish scientist Olaus Rudbeck ( 1630 – 1702 ), and in his turn the boy was interested in engineering, particularly explosives, learning the basic principles from his father at a young age.

The first surviving edition ( bilingual Swedish – Esperanto ) was published in Sweden in 2003.

The oldest known name for Anatolia, " Land of the Hatti " was found for the first time on Mesopotamic cuneiform tablets from the period of the Akkadian dynasty ( 2350 – 2150 BC ).

* 1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U. S. state under the name Louisiana.

* 1770 – James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, Queensland and claims the east coast of Australia as New South Wales in the name of King George III.

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā ( Persian پور سينا Pur-e Sina " son of Sina "; c. 980 – 1037 ), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived.

Michael Praetorius mentions an alphorn-like instrument under the name of Hölzern Trummet ( wooden trumpet ) in Syntagma Musicum ( Wittenberg, 1615 – 1619 ; Pl.

2285 – 2250 BC, is the first poet in history whom we know by name.

* 1784 – Western North Carolina ( now eastern Tennessee ) declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin ; it is not accepted into the United States, and only lasts for four years.

In the list of popes given in the Holy See's annual directory, Annuario Pontificio, the following note is attached to the name of Pope Leo VIII ( 963 – 965 ): At this point, as again in the mid-eleventh century, we come across elections in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of Saint Peter.

There has not been a monarch known as Alphonso or Alfonso I of Spain, the first king of that name of the unified Spain being Alfonso XII of Spain ( 1874 – 1885 ).

Agathocles ( 361 – 289 BC ), ( Greek name Ἀγαθοκλῆς ( Agathokles ): derived from αγαθός ( agathos ) good and κλέος ( kleos ) glory ), was a Greek tyrant of Syracuse ( 317 – 289 BC ) and king of Sicily ( 304 – 289 BC ).

Ælfheah (, " elf-high "; 954 – 19 April 1012 ), officially remembered by the name Alphege within some churches, and also called Elphege, Alfege, or Godwine, was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Winchester, later Archbishop of Canterbury.

* A " Dreadnought ", arguably the most common body style, incorporates a deeper soundbox, but a smaller and less-pronounced upper bout ( the area of the soundbox between the waist and neck ) than most styles, giving a somewhat wedge-shaped appearance – hence its name, relating to a class of warship.

* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.

* 1984 – The Republic of Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso.

* Alexandra ( singer ) ( 1942 – 1969 ), German singer ( stage name ; real name Doris Nefedov )

André René Roussimoff ( 19 May 1946 – 27 January 1993 ),< ref name =" OWOW ">

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu ' awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 731 – 788 ) ( Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل ) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba ( 755 ), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries ( including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba ).

* 1134 – The name Zagreb was mentioned for the first time in the Felician Charter relating to the establishment of the Zagreb Bishopric around 1094.

* 2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church taking the name Pope Benedict XVI.

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

" Yokum " was a combination of yokel and hokum, although Capp established a deeper meaning for the name during a series of visits around 1965 – 1970 with comics historians George E. Turner and Michael H. Price.

Due to a false etymology, a popular belief is that they were most likely Finns – the obsolete name of Nenets people, Samoyed, has a similar meaning in Russian: " self-eater ".