Among the recipients of the Nobel Prize for Literature more than half are practically unknown to readers of English.

While `` better late than never '' may have certain merits, the posthumous award of the Nobel Prize for Peace to the late Dag Hammarskjold strikes me as less than a satisfactory expression of appreciation.

Dr. Linus Pauling, a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, has been less ambiguous, whether you choose to agree with him or not.

Last week Chicago happily found its top scholar in Caltech's acting dean of the faculty: dynamic Geneticist George Wells Beadle, 57, who shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology for discovering how genes affect heredity by controlling cell chemistry ( Time, Cover, July 14, 1958 ).

Robert Hillyer, the poet, writes in his introduction to this brief animal fable that Mr. Burman ought to win a Nobel Prize for the Catfish Bend series.

This has caused much controversy whether the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is actually a " Nobel Prize "

* The Nobel Prize in Postage Stamps

Category: Nobel Prize

Camus was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize for Literature " for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times ".< ref >

* 1884 – Otto Meyerhof, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1874 – Carl Bosch, German chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1940 )

* 1915 – Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 2011 )

* 1881 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1955 )

* 1911 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1996 )

He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of " Reverence for Life ", expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding and sustaining the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, now in Gabon, west central Africa ( then French Equatorial Africa ).

Alexis Carrel ( June 28, 1873 – November 5, 1944 ) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.

While there he collaborated with American physician Charles Claude Guthrie in work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs as well as the head, and Carrel was awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for these efforts.

" He had great success in reconnecting arteries and veins, and performing surgical grafts, and this led to his Nobel Prize in 1912 .< ref name = simmons >

* 1872 – Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate ( d. 1942 )

* 1912 – Salvador Luria, Italian-American microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1991 )

* 1918 – Frederick Sanger, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

Albert John Luthuli, awarded a Nobel prize for his South African integration struggles, has to get permission to fly to collect his honor.

As a young man, Nobel studied with chemist Nikolai Zinin ; then, in 1850, went to Paris to further the work ; and, at 18, he went to the United States for four years to study chemistry, collaborating for a short period under inventor John Ericsson, who designed the American Civil War ironclad USS Monitor.

Nobel filed his first patent, for a gas meter, in 1857.

Nobel was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1884, the same institution that would later select laureates for two of the Nobel prizes, and he received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University in 1893.

Nobel travelled for much of his business life, maintaining companies in various countries in Europe and North America and keeping a permanent home in Paris from 1873 to 1891.

Bertha von Suttner was awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace prize, ' for her sincere peace activities '.

Nobel demonstrated his explosive for the first time that year, at a quarry in Redhill, Surrey, England.

In order to help reestablish his name and improve the image of his business from the earlier controversies associated with the dangerous explosives, Nobel had also considered naming the highly powerful substance " Nobel's Safety Powder ", but settled with Dynamite instead, referring to the Greek word for ' power '.

Gelignite was more stable, transportable and conveniently formed to fit into bored holes, like those used in drilling and mining, than the previously used compounds and was adopted as the standard technology for mining in the Age of Engineering bringing Nobel a great amount of financial success, though at a significant cost to his health.

The most lucrative award an architect can receive is the Pritzker Prize, sometimes termed the " Nobel Prize for architecture.

Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts.

His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Fans of the strip ranged from novelist John Steinbeck, who called Capp " possibly the best writer in the world today " in 1953, and even earnestly recommended him for the Nobel Prize in literature — to media critic and theorist Marshall McLuhan, who considered Capp " the only robust satirical force in American life.

The caption reads, " I won the Nobel Prize for literature.

* 1974 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1970, is exiled from the Soviet Union.

Nobel Prize winner Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin wrote Dry Valley ( 1912 ), which is considered to be influenced by gothic literature.

As such, he had the annual task of announcing the recipient of the Nobel prize in literature to the public.

Ten prizes are awarded each year in many categories, including the Nobel Prize categories of physics, chemistry, physiology / medicine, literature, and peace, but also other categories such as public health, engineering, biology, and interdisciplinary research.

The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.

Perhaps its most important and prominent usage in scientific literature was Nobel laureate Theodor W. Hänsch's reference in a 1979 Scientific American article on spectroscopy where he says that " the spectrum of the hydrogen atoms has proved to be the Rosetta stone of modern physics: once this pattern of lines had been deciphered much else could also be understood ".

* Luigi Pirandello, dramatist and Nobel prize winner for literature.

Lewis was a 1970 Nobel nominee for literature, and in 2005 was voted 10th as Wales ' ' greatest-ever person ' in a BBC Wales poll.

Mistral achieved literary success with his novel Miréio ( Mireille in French ); he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1904.

Alfred Nobel requested in his last will and testament that his money be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the " greatest benefit on mankind " in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature.

Contemporary Greek literature is represented by many writers, poets and novelists: Dionysios Solomos, Andreas Kalvos, Angelos Sikelianos, Emmanuel Rhoides, Kostis Palamas, Penelope Delta, Yannis Ritsos, Alexandros Papadiamantis, Nikos Kazantzakis, Andreas Embeirikos, Kostas Karyotakis, Gregorios Xenopoulos, Constantine P. Cavafy, Demetrius Vikelas, while George Seferis and Odysseas Elytis have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Likewise, in 1963, JMG Le Clezio, winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in literature, published the novel Le Proces-Verbal.

In the twentieth century three Norwegian novelists won the Nobel prize in literature.

Subsequently the Polish winner of the 1905 Nobel Prize in literature, Henryk Sienkiewicz, wrote several immensely popular novels set in conflicts between the Poles and predatory Teutonic Knights, rebelling Cossacks and invading Swedes.

German interest in the culture of Bengal dates back to the visits to Germany by the Bengali national poet and Nobel laureate for literature Rabindranath Tagore in the 1920s and 1930s.

Adonis ( an Arabic transliteration of the same name, أدونيس ) is the pen name of a famous Syrian poet, Ali Ahmad Said Asbar, who was nominated more than once for a Nobel Prize for literature, including in 2006.

He was influential in the May Fourth Movement, one of the leaders of China's New Culture Movement, was a president of Peking University, and in 1939 was nominated for a Nobel Prize in literature.

" Lewis, a liberal who in 1930 had won the Nobel Prize in literature, portrayed a genuine American dictator on the Hitler model.

Russia had five Nobel Prize in literature laureates.

Chile's most famous contributions to literature have come from Nobel Prize poets Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral, whose homes and birthplaces are now museums that attract literary pilgrims to Chile.

* Patrick White was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 " for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature ".

* Francisco Matos Paoli ( 1915-2000 ), poet, critic, essayist and Puerto Rican nationalist, nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature

Rumours occasionally circulated portraying Frame as a contender for the Nobel Prize in literature, most notably in 1998, after a journalist spotted her name at the top of a list later revealed to have been in alphabetical order, and again five years later, in 2003, when Åsa Beckman, the influential chief literary critic at the Swedish daily Dagens Nyheter, wrongly predicted that Frame would win the prestigious prize.