The Virgilio Barco ( 1986 – 1990 ) administration, in addition to continuing to handle the difficulties of the complex negotiations with the guerrillas, also inherited a particularly chaotic confrontation against the drug lords, who were engaged in a campaign of terrorism and murder in response to government moves in favor of their extradition overseas.

Recovery began in the 1990s, but growth has been constrained by the lack of suitable hotels and other infrastructure, despite a boom in construction of small and medium-sized hotels and restaurants, and by the impact of drought, the 1998 – 2000 war with Eritrea, and the specter of terrorism.

US elections and war on terrorism – Interview with professor Massimo Teodori Analisi Difesa, n. 50

In 2009 a federal court of appeals in San Francisco found that Ashcroft could be sued and held personally responsible for the wrongful detention of material witness Abdullah al-Kidd – an American citizen arrested in March 2003 and held for 13 months in maximum security to be used as a witness in the trial of Sami Omar Al-Hussayen ( who himself was acquitted of all charges of supporting terrorism ).

One of the aims of terrorism – and to a certain extent of guerrilla warfare – is to spread fear and panic.

* Active participation in the work of international organizations, UN and its specialized agencies, WTO – and at the regional level – OSCE, Council of Europe against global threats: terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, global warming, organized crime, damages to the environment, economic and social issues, disrespect for human rights etc.

The social panic approach is justified by the language used – we talk of the battle against terrorism or the war on drugs ..." The Economist magazine has become increasingly vocal in its criticism of such regulation, particularly with reference to countering terrorist financing, referring to it as a " costly failure ", although concedes that the rules to combat money laundering are more effective.

* UNODC – United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime – on money-laundering and countering the financing of terrorism

* 1987 – Govan Mbeki is released from custody after serving 24 years of a life sentence for terrorism and treason.

The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon changed the focus of the racial profiling debate from street crime and “ driving while Black ” to terrorism and “ flying while Arab .” According to a June 4 – 5, 2002 FOX News / Opinion Dynamics Poll, 54 % of Americans approved of using “ racial profiling to screen Arab male airline passengers .” A 2002 survey by Public Agenda tracked the attitudes toward the racial profiling of Blacks and people of Middle Eastern descent.

* Political terrorism – Violent criminal behaviour designed primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes.

* Quasi-terrorism – The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient.

* Limited political terrorism – Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionary approach ; limited political terrorism refers to “ acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state.

Evidence regarding this particular method of terrorism reveals that every modern suicide campaign has targeted a democracy – a state with a considerable degree of political freedom.

* Algerian War ( 1954 – 1962 ) – An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians, use of torture on both sides and counter-terrorism operations by the French Army.

* War on Terrorism ( 2001 – present ) – refers to several ideological, military, and diplomatic campaigns aimed at putting an end to international terrorism by preventing groups defined by the U. S. and its allies as terrorist ( largely Islamist groups such as al-Qaeda, Hezbollah and Hamas ) from posing a threat to the U. S. and its allies, and by putting an end to state sponsorship of terrorism.

In the US in the wake of 9 / 11, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act 2002 ( TRIA ) set up a federal Program providing a transparent system of shared public and private compensation for insured losses resulting from acts of terrorism.

This was the second-largest operation of the U. S. Global War on Terrorism outside of the United States, and the largest directly connected to terrorism, resulting in the overthrow of Taliban rule in Afghanistan, by a U. S .- led coalition.

" Terrorism " comes from the French word terrorisme, and originally referred specifically to state terrorism as practiced by the French government during the Reign of terror.

* Official or state terrorism –" referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions .” It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

In the War on Terrorism in Yemen, the US government describes Yemen as " an important partner in the global war on terrorism ".

The site is also home to the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, a non partisan, non profit thinktank devoted to the prevention of terrorism.

" State Sponsors of Terrorism " is a designation applied by the United States Department of State to nations which have " repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.

Overview: Designated as a State Sponsor of Terrorism in 1982, the Government of Cuba maintained a public stance against terrorism and terrorist financing in 2010, but there was no evidence that it had severed ties with elements from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ( FARC ) and recent media reports indicate some current and former members of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty ( ETA ) continue to reside in Cuba.

Overview: Designated as a State Sponsor of Terrorism in 1984, Iran remained the most active state sponsor of terrorism in 2010.

Terrorology specialist Gus Martin, writes in his university-level textbook, Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, perspectives and issues that “ it is important to note that the State Department ’ s list includes countries that have significantly reduced their involvement in terrorism, such as North Korea and Cuba.

Using the authorization granted to him by Congress, on 13 November 2001, President Bush issued a Presidential Military Order: " Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism " which allowed " individuals ... to be detained, and, when tried, to be tried for violations of the laws of war and other applicable laws by military tribunals ", where such individuals are a member of the organization known as al Qa ' ida ; or has conspired or committed acts of international terrorism, or have as their aim to cause, injury to or adverse effects on the United States, its citizens, national security, foreign policy, or economy.

In legal terms, nuclear terrorism is an offense committed if a person unlawfully and intentionally “ uses in any way radioactive material … with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury ; or with the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment ; or with the intent to compel a natural or legal person, an international organization or a State to do or refrain from doing an act ”, according to the 2005 United Nations International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism.

In 1986 a private panel of experts known as the International Task Force on the Prevention of Terrorism released a report urging all nuclear-armed states to beware the dangers of terrorism and work on equipping their nuclear arsenals with permissive action links.

On 26 August 2004, Masri was arrested by British police under section 41 of the Terrorism Act 2000 which covers the instigation of acts of terrorism.

Prior to this, terrorism was defined in an Act as a footnote, such as Reinsurance ( Acts of Terrorism ) Act 1993 ( c. 18 ) section 2 ( 2 ):

As in previous Terrorism Acts, such as the Prevention of Terrorism ( Temporary Provisions ) Act 1989, the Home Secretary had the power to maintain a list of " proscribed groups " that he believes are " concerned in terrorism ".

" The Terrorism Act 2000 represents a worthwhile attempt to fulfil the role of a modern code against terrorism, though it fails to meet the desired standards in all respects.

* War on Terrorism: President Bush, speaking to American Legion veterans convention, defends the Iraq policy, declaring the United States had hit terrorism in overthrowing the government of Saddam Hussein.

Some militant Islamist forces have been implicated in terrorism and have become targets in a series of military initiatives justified by the US rhetoric of " War on Terrorism ", which has been adopted by Russia, Israel and other countries.

According to the International Congress for Victims of Terrorism, there were 16, 000 victims of left-wing terrorism ( killings, woundings and abductions ) in Argentina, including civilians and military personnel.

Currently, a part of Algerian writers tends to be defined in a literature of shocking expression, due to the terrorism that occurred during the 1990s, the other party is defined in a different style of literature who staged an individualistic conception of the human adventure.

The Court also ruled that the Minister of Defense is constitutionally not entitled to act in terrorism matters, as this is the duty of the state and federal police forces.

Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents.

In Northern Ireland the Criminal Justice Act 2003, effective 18 April 2005, makes certain " qualifying offence " ( including murder, rape, kidnapping, specified sexual acts with young children, specified drug offences, defined acts of terrorism, as well as in certain cases attempts or conspiracies to commit the foregoing ) subject to retrial after acquittal ( including acquittals obtained before passage of the Act ) if there is a finding by the Court of Appeals that there is " new and compelling evidence.

In 2010, leaked diplomatic cables revealed that Mubarak expressed animosity toward Iran in private meetings, saying the Iranian leaders are " big, fat liars ", and that Iran's backing of terrorism is " well-known ".

Fatah is generally considered to have had a strong involvement in terrorism in the past, though unlike its rival Islamist faction Hamas, Fatah is no longer regarded as a terrorist organization by any government.

In 2008, Indian Ulama from the world renowned seminary of Deoband have categorically issued a fatwā against terrorism and mentioned that any sort of killing of innocent people or civilians is Haram or Forbidden.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Most Wanted Terrorists is a list of persons who have been indicted ( formally accused ) by sitting Federal grand juries in the United States district courts, for alleged crimes of terrorism.

The German Navy is also engaged in operations against international terrorism such as Operation Enduring Freedom and NATO Operation Active Endeavour.

* Conquering Fear: Living Boldly in an Uncertain World Published in 2009, is a theological piece that addresses fears of terrorism, natural disasters, rejection, growing old and offer suggestions on how best to cope, ultimately living with purpose and differentiating between God and nature.

* Article 20 of the Audiovisual Media Act No. 71 of 2002 states: “ The licensee shall not broadcast or rebroadcast any material that is likely to provoke confessional and interethnic strife, to undermine national unity or to instigate terrorism, racism or religious intolerance or to damage domestic relations in the Kingdom .”

Indeed, lifestyle anarchism today is finding its principal expression in spray-can graffiti, post-modernist nihilism, antirationalism, neo-primitivism, anti-technologism, neo-Situationist ' cultural terrorism ', mysticism, and a ' practice ' of staging Foucauldian ' personal insurrections '.

This is the unmistakable stamp of a Fascist party for whom terrorism ( against Jews, Arabs, and British alike ), and misrepresentation are means, and a " Leader State " is the goal.

and the Jewish society in the British Mandate Palestine generally disapproved and denounced violent attacks both on grounds moral rejection and political disagreement, stressing that terrorism is counter-productive in the Zionist quest for Jewish self-determination.

U. S. President George W. Bush's remark that " this crusade, this war on terrorism, is going to take a while ", which prompted widespread criticism from the Islamic world, may also have contributed to the renaming of the operation.

Pakistan is an important member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ), a major non-NATO ally of the war against terrorism, and has a highly disciplined military, which is the world's eighth-largest standing military force.

In the early 21st century terrorism has become increasingly a concern for Papua New Guinea policy-makers and one of the major objectives of the army for 2008 is to prepare itself to deter any attack on its sovereignty but more particularly to terrorist attacks.