DARPA supported the evolution of the ARPANET ( the first wide-area packet switching network ), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the Internet and research in the artificial intelligence fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of Shakey the robot.

Packet radio is a form of packet switching technology used to transmit digital data via radio or wireless communications links.

Packet switching shares available network bandwidth between multiple communication sessions.

Packet switching is the process of segmenting a message / data to be transmitted into several smaller packets.

* Packet switching

Packet switching is a digital networking communications method that groups all transmitted data – regardless of content, type, or structure – into suitably sized blocks, called packets.

Packet switching features delivery of variable-bit-rate data streams ( sequences of packets ) over a shared network.

Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which sets up a limited number of dedicated connections of constant bit rate and constant delay between nodes for exclusive use during the communication session.

Packet switching is used to optimize the use of the channel capacity available in digital telecommunication networks such as computer networks, to minimize the transmission latency ( the time it takes for data to pass across the network ), and to increase robustness of communication.

In 1978, X. 25 provided the first international and commercial packet switching network, the International Packet Switched Service ( IPSS ).

# REDIRECT Packet switching

# REDIRECT Packet switching

* Packet switching

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Packet switching –

# REDIRECT Packet switching

# REDIRECT Packet switching

Packet switching research and development led first to the military's ARPANET, and then to the Internet itself.

* Packet switching

* Packet switching

Originally this term referred only to Packet Switch Stream ( PSS ), an X. 25-based packet-switched network, mostly used to provide leased-line connections between local area networks and the Internet using permanent virtual circuits ( PVCs ).

In the United Kingdom, Packet Switch Stream ( PSS ) was an X. 25-based packet-switched network, provided by the British Post Office Telecommunications and then British Telecom starting in 1980.

Resilient Packet Ring is a new technology for packet-switched self-healing ring networks.

* Packet Switch Stream, a British packet-switched network

The General Packet Radio Service ( GPRS ) is a packet-switched data transmission protocol, which was incorporated into the GSM standard in 1997.

PPP was designed to work with numerous network layer protocols, including Internet Protocol ( IP ), TRILL, Novell's Internetwork Packet Exchange ( IPX ), NBF and AppleTalk.

Since 2006, UMTS networks in many countries have been or are in the process of being upgraded with High Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA ), sometimes known as 3. 5G.

Each of these packets is handled like a connection request, causing the server to spawn a half-open connection, by sending back a TCP / SYN-ACK packet ( Acknowledge ), and waiting for a packet in response from the sender address ( response to the ACK Packet ).

Now dumb-terminal users could dial into the network's local “ PAD ” ( Packet Assembly / Disassembly facility ), a gateway device connecting modems and serial lines to the X. 25 link as defined by the X. 29 and X. 3 standards.

ARP has been implemented in many combinations of network and overlaying internetwork technologies, such as IPv4, Chaosnet, DECnet and Xerox PARC Universal Packet ( PUP ) using IEEE 802 standards, FDDI, X. 25, Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), IPv4 over IEEE 802. 3 and IEEE 802. 11 being the most common cases.

* John Dunlap ( 1747 – 1812 ), publisher of the first American daily newspaper the Pennsylvania Packet in 1784, also the printer of the American Declaration of Independence.

* Digital Packet Video Link ( DPVL ), a display link standard that allows to update only portions of the screen

The Kendal to Preston section now terminates at Ashton basin, but previously continued to the centre of Preston where there are a number of streets and pubs whose names give clues: Wharfe Street, Kendal Street, The Lamb and Packet ( the lamb being the crest of Preston ), The Fighting Cocks ( formerly The Boatmans ).

Novell based its network protocol on Xerox Network Systems ( XNS ), and created its own standards from IDP and SPP, which it named Internetwork Packet Exchange ( IPX ) and Sequenced Packet Exchange ( SPX ).

Of his twenty-two prose tracts may be mentioned Wit's Trenchmour ( 1597 ), The Wil of Wit ( 1599 ), A Poste with a Packet of Mad Letters ( 1602-6 ).

* Resilient Packet Ring ( also known as IEEE 802. 17 ), a standard designed for the optimized transport of data traffic over fiber rings

In 1927 the White Star Line was purchased by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company ( RMSPC ), making RMSPC the largest shipping group in the world.

APRS ( Automatic Packet Reporting System ), is a digital communications protocol for exchanging information among a large number of stations covering a large ( local ) area, often referred to as " ey-pers ".

New features supported by ACR include standards for an EEPROM for storing model and vendor information, USB support, and the Integrated Packet Bus for Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL ), cable modem, and wireless networking support.

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ( OFDM ), which is used in both the ITU Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ( ADSL ) and IEEE 802. 11 Wireless LAN standards, has some of its roots in the Packet Ensemble Protocol.

Image: British Rail Mark 3A SLEP 10590 at Penzane. JPG | First's original FGW green and gold livery ( Fag Packet ), on a Mark 3 sleeper Coach used by the Night Riviera, seen here at Penzance.

* Packet analyzer ( aka network analyzer, protocol analyzer or sniffer ), computer software or hardware that can intercept and log traffic passing over a digital network