DARPA supported the evolution of the ARPANET ( the first wide-area packet switching network ), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the Internet and research in the artificial intelligence fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of Shakey the robot.

* Packet switching ( or packet-switched ), a form of telecommunications

Packet radio is a form of packet switching technology used to transmit digital data via radio or wireless communications links.

Packet switching shares available network bandwidth between multiple communication sessions.

Packet switching is the process of segmenting a message / data to be transmitted into several smaller packets.

* Packet switching

Packet switching is a digital networking communications method that groups all transmitted data – regardless of content, type, or structure – into suitably sized blocks, called packets.

Packet switching features delivery of variable-bit-rate data streams ( sequences of packets ) over a shared network.

Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which sets up a limited number of dedicated connections of constant bit rate and constant delay between nodes for exclusive use during the communication session.

In 1978, X. 25 provided the first international and commercial packet switching network, the International Packet Switched Service ( IPSS ).

# REDIRECT Packet switching

# REDIRECT Packet switching

* Packet switching

Packet switching -

Packet switching –

# REDIRECT Packet switching

# REDIRECT Packet switching

Packet switching research and development led first to the military's ARPANET, and then to the Internet itself.

* Packet switching

* Packet switching

Specifically, at speeds of OC-3 and above, the cost of segmentation and reassembly ( SAR ) hardware makes ATM less competitive for IP than Packet Over SONET ( POS ); because of its fixed 48-byte cell payload, ATM is not suitable as a data link layer directly underlying IP ( without the need for SAR at the data link level ) since the OSI layer on which IP operates must provide a maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) of at least 576 bytes.

Packet exchange is based on the basic clock, defined by the master, which ticks at 312. 5 µs intervals.

Packet inspection filters do not initially interfere with the connection to the server but inspect the data in the connection as it goes past, at some point the filter may decide that the connection is to be filtered and it will then disconnect it by injecting a TCP-Reset or similar faked packet.

First published as a serial by the Pennsylvania Packet, the book was an instant best-seller ; it is still available today.

Internetwork Packet Exchange ( IPX ) is the OSI-model Network layer protocol in the IPX / SPX protocol stack.

This is largely due to the introduction of GPRS ( General Packet Radio Service ) and EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution connectivity by the GSM operators.

With computer operating systems Ping or PING stands for Packet INternet Groper but is ordinarily written as " ping " instead of the proper acronym for which it stands.

Packet radio is the fourth major digital radio communications mode.

Work is also progressing on improving the uplink transfer speed with the High-Speed Uplink Packet Access ( HSUPA ).

Wake on Directed Packet is particularly useful as the machine will automatically come out of standby or hibernation when it is referenced, without the user or application needing to explicitly send a magic packet.

Each of these packets is handled like a connection request, causing the server to spawn a half-open connection, by sending back a TCP / SYN-ACK packet ( Acknowledge ), and waiting for a packet in response from the sender address ( response to the ACK Packet ).

Packet filtering is one defense against IP spoofing attacks.

Packet mode communication is an asynchronous mode time-domain multiplexing which resembles time-division multiplexing.

The " Main OSPF Packet Header " is the same for all 5 types of packets ( with exception of the Type field ) whereas the following sub-headers will vary from type to type and are shown below the Main OSPF Packet Header.

* Sequenced Packet Protocol ( SPP ) was an acknowledged transport protocol, analogous to TCP ; one chief technical difference is that the sequence numbers count the packets, and not the bytes as in TCP and PUP's BSP ; it was the direct antecedent to Novell's IPX / SPX.

Packet is sent from a freshly allocated ephemeral port, and all future packets to host S should be to this port.

Yet it is basic evidence gathering by using Packet Capture Appliances that puts criminals behind bars.

The most widely quoted source for identifying tier 1 networks is Renesys Corporation, but the base information to prove the claim is publicly accessible from many locations, such as the RIPE RIS database, the Oregon Route Views servers, the Packet Clearing House, and others.

Cellular Digital Packet Data ( CDPD ) was a wide-area mobile data service which used unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data.

* Packet ID, used to identify audio / video streams in DVB " Digital Video Broadcasting "

Protocols including Packet over SONET / SDH, MPLS, ATM and Frame relay are often used by service providers to deliver the links that are used in WANs.

Variations of the concept are used in radio frequency systems that rely on frequency sharing, including Automatic Packet Reporting System.

This functionality was performed using a Packet Assembler / Disassembler or PAD ( also known as a Triple-X device, referring to the three protocols used ).

Packet radio is legal in the UK, although not widely used.

Originally this term referred only to Packet Switch Stream ( PSS ), an X. 25-based packet-switched network, mostly used to provide leased-line connections between local area networks and the Internet using permanent virtual circuits ( PVCs ).

In advanced packet radio wireless networks such as HSDPA ( High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ) 3. 5G cellular system, channel-dependent scheduling may be used to take advantage of channel state information.

* Fairchild C-119 Flying BoxcarThe C-119 Flying Boxcar ( officially called C-119 Packet ) was used extensively in the Korean War.

The latter is used to great effect by the Automatic Packet Reporting System.

* Mega-frame Initialization Packet, an MPEG-2 Transport Stream packet used for synchronization in DVB-T single-frequency networks

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ( OFDM ), which is used in both the ITU Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ( ADSL ) and IEEE 802. 11 Wireless LAN standards, has some of its roots in the Packet Ensemble Protocol.

Image: British Rail Mark 3A SLEP 10590 at Penzane. JPG | First's original FGW green and gold livery ( Fag Packet ), on a Mark 3 sleeper Coach used by the Night Riviera, seen here at Penzance.

* Average Voice Packet, a term used in VoIP

* Rendezvous and Termination Protocol, used in transport connections involving the PARC Universal Packet

The Isle of Man Steam Packet ferry service also operates from Princes Landing Stage, at a berth adjacent to those used by the Mersey Ferries.

POS is also one of the link layers used by the IEEE 802. 17 Resilient Packet Ring standard.

The System Packet Interface series of standards from the Optical Internetworking Forum including SPI-4. 2 and SPI-3 and their predecessors PL-4 and PL-3 are commonly used as the interface between packet processing devices and framer devices that implement POS.

It is similar in function to the Packet Assembler / Disassemblers used on X. 25 networks, with the addition of a modem to convert baseband digital signals to audio tones.

* Lean Packet Exchange protocol, an ethernet protocol designed by XIMETA that is used to communicate with the variant NDAS of NetDisk.

During the Civil War, in August 1922, a ship belonging to the British & Irish Steam Packet Company, the Lady Wicklow, led by Captain Patrick Ryan, was used to bring Irish National Army troops around the coast to Fenit, the port of Tralee in County Kerry.