DARPA supported the evolution of the ARPANET ( the first wide-area packet switching network ), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the Internet and research in the artificial intelligence fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of Shakey the robot.

* Packet switching ( or packet-switched ), a form of telecommunications

Packet radio is a form of packet switching technology used to transmit digital data via radio or wireless communications links.

Packet switching shares available network bandwidth between multiple communication sessions.

Packet switching is the process of segmenting a message / data to be transmitted into several smaller packets.

* Packet switching

Packet switching features delivery of variable-bit-rate data streams ( sequences of packets ) over a shared network.

Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which sets up a limited number of dedicated connections of constant bit rate and constant delay between nodes for exclusive use during the communication session.

Packet switching is used to optimize the use of the channel capacity available in digital telecommunication networks such as computer networks, to minimize the transmission latency ( the time it takes for data to pass across the network ), and to increase robustness of communication.

In 1978, X. 25 provided the first international and commercial packet switching network, the International Packet Switched Service ( IPSS ).

# REDIRECT Packet switching

# REDIRECT Packet switching

* Packet switching

Packet switching -

Packet switching –

# REDIRECT Packet switching

# REDIRECT Packet switching

Packet switching research and development led first to the military's ARPANET, and then to the Internet itself.

* Packet switching

* Packet switching

Specifically, at speeds of OC-3 and above, the cost of segmentation and reassembly ( SAR ) hardware makes ATM less competitive for IP than Packet Over SONET ( POS ); because of its fixed 48-byte cell payload, ATM is not suitable as a data link layer directly underlying IP ( without the need for SAR at the data link level ) since the OSI layer on which IP operates must provide a maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) of at least 576 bytes.

Packet exchange is based on the basic clock, defined by the master, which ticks at 312. 5 µs intervals.

Packet inspection filters do not initially interfere with the connection to the server but inspect the data in the connection as it goes past, at some point the filter may decide that the connection is to be filtered and it will then disconnect it by injecting a TCP-Reset or similar faked packet.

First published as a serial by the Pennsylvania Packet, the book was an instant best-seller ; it is still available today.

Internetwork Packet Exchange ( IPX ) is the OSI-model Network layer protocol in the IPX / SPX protocol stack.

This is largely due to the introduction of GPRS ( General Packet Radio Service ) and EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution connectivity by the GSM operators.

With computer operating systems Ping or PING stands for Packet INternet Groper but is ordinarily written as " ping " instead of the proper acronym for which it stands.

Packet radio is the fourth major digital radio communications mode.

Work is also progressing on improving the uplink transfer speed with the High-Speed Uplink Packet Access ( HSUPA ).

Wake on Directed Packet is particularly useful as the machine will automatically come out of standby or hibernation when it is referenced, without the user or application needing to explicitly send a magic packet.

Each of these packets is handled like a connection request, causing the server to spawn a half-open connection, by sending back a TCP / SYN-ACK packet ( Acknowledge ), and waiting for a packet in response from the sender address ( response to the ACK Packet ).

Packet filtering is one defense against IP spoofing attacks.

Packet mode communication is an asynchronous mode time-domain multiplexing which resembles time-division multiplexing.

The " Main OSPF Packet Header " is the same for all 5 types of packets ( with exception of the Type field ) whereas the following sub-headers will vary from type to type and are shown below the Main OSPF Packet Header.

* Sequenced Packet Protocol ( SPP ) was an acknowledged transport protocol, analogous to TCP ; one chief technical difference is that the sequence numbers count the packets, and not the bytes as in TCP and PUP's BSP ; it was the direct antecedent to Novell's IPX / SPX.

Packet is sent from a freshly allocated ephemeral port, and all future packets to host S should be to this port.

Yet it is basic evidence gathering by using Packet Capture Appliances that puts criminals behind bars.

The most widely quoted source for identifying tier 1 networks is Renesys Corporation, but the base information to prove the claim is publicly accessible from many locations, such as the RIPE RIS database, the Oregon Route Views servers, the Packet Clearing House, and others.

Automatic Packet Reporting System ( APRS ) is an amateur radio-based system for real time tactical digital communications of information of immediate value in the local area.

APRS ( Automatic Packet Reporting System ), is a digital communications protocol for exchanging information among a large number of stations covering a large ( local ) area, often referred to as " ey-pers ".

Currently OSCAR satellites support many different types of operation including FM voice, SSB voice, as well as digital communications of AX. 25 FSK ( Packet radio ) and PSK-31.

* Packet analyzer ( aka network analyzer, protocol analyzer or sniffer ), computer software or hardware that can intercept and log traffic passing over a digital network

Packet over SONET / SDH, abbreviated POS, is a communications protocol for transmitting packets in the form of the Point to Point Protocol ( PPP ) over SDH or SONET, which are both standard protocols for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes ( LEDs ) over optical fibre at high line rates.

It is similar in function to the Packet Assembler / Disassemblers used on X. 25 networks, with the addition of a modem to convert baseband digital signals to audio tones.