Philip II of Spain accepted them for Spain, the Netherlands and Sicily insofar as they did not infringe the royal prerogative.

With the resources thus gained he undertook to enable Philip V to carry out an ambitious foreign policy to undo the Treaty of Utrecht, with the aim of countering the Habsburgs and recovering Spanish possessions in Italy, where he was responsible for unwarranted invasions of Sardinia ( November 1717, strongly supported by Sardinian politician Vicente Bacallar ) and Sicily ( July 1718 ), in spite of promises made to the Pope, while pressing Spanish causes in France with the Cellamare Conspiracy.

As his son, Frederick II, though already elected king, was still a small child and living in Sicily, German princes chose to elect an adult king, which resulted in the dual election of Frederick Barbarossa's youngest son Philip of Swabia and Henry the Lion's son Otto of Brunswick, who competed for the crown.

Otto prevailed for a while after Philip was murdered in a private squabble in 1208 until he began to also claim Sicily.

Pope Innocent III initially had supported the Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King Philip II of France, who defeated Otto at the 1214 Battle of Bouvines.

" During that same year, the Greek cities in Sicily were induced to revolt against Roman political control, while the Macedonian king, Philip V, pledged his support to Hannibal – thus initiating the First Macedonian War against Rome.

Shortly thereafter, the Romans pacified Sicily and entered into an alliance with the Aetolian League to counter Phillip V. Philip, who attempted to exploit Rome's preoccupation in Italy to conquer Illyria, now found himself under attack from several sides at once and was quickly subdued by Rome and her Greek allies.

Under Mary's marriage treaty with Philip, the official joint style reflected not only Mary's but also Philip's dominions and claims: " Philip and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol ".

Martin IV put Sicily and Pedro III under an interdict, deprived Pedro III of the kingdom of Aragon, and gave it to Charles of Valois, the younger of the sons of King Philip III of France, whom he assisted in his attempts to recover Sicily by force of arms.

In 1734, Charles I conquered the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, and was crowned as the King of Naples and Sicily on 3 July 1735, leaving the Duchy of Parma to his brother Philip ( Filippo I di Borbone-Parma ).

After the death of Emperor Henry VI, who had recently also conquered the Kingdom of Sicily, the succession became disputed: as Henry's son Frederick was still a small child, the partisans of the Staufen dynasty elected Henry ’ s brother, Philip, Duke of Swabia, king in March 1198, whereas the princes opposed to the Staufen dynasty elected Otto, Duke of Brunswick, of the House of Welf.

In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily.

The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard.

* December 1 – Battle of Falconaria: Frederick II of Sicily defeats Philip I of Taranto.

* Beatrice of Sicily ( 1252 – 1275 ), married 15 October 1273 at Foggia to Philip of Courtenay, titular Emperor of Constantinople

In the Treaty of Utrecht, signed on 11 April 1713, Philip was recognized as king of Spain but his renunciation of succession rights to France was affirmed and, of the Spanish Empire's other European territories, Sicily was ceded to Savoy, and the Spanish Netherlands, Milan and Naples were alloted to the Austrian Habsburgs.

Thus she induced Philip to occupy Sardinia and Sicily in 1717.

In the Treaty of The Hague, signed on 17 February 1720, Philip renounced his conquests of Sardinia and Sicily, but assured the ascension of his eldest son by Elisabeth to the Duchy of Parma upon the reigning duke's death.

In May 1289 he crowned King Charles II of Naples and Sicily after the latter had expressly recognized papal suzerainty, and in February 1291 concluded a treaty with Kings Alfonso III of Aragon and Philip IV of France looking toward the expulsion of James II of Aragon from Sicily.

The crusade was postponed until next spring, but a devastating storm off the coast of Sicily dissuaded Charles of Anjou and Louis's successor Philip III from any further campaigning.

* January 12 – Maria of Brabant, queen of Philip III of France ( b. 1256 )

In 1256, at the death of William II of Holland, Alfonso's descent from the Hohenstaufen through his mother, a daughter of the emperor Philip of Swabia, gave him a claim through the Swabian line.

# Maria of Brabant ( 1256, Leuven – January 12, 1321, Murel ), married at Vincennes on August 27, 1274 to King Philip III of France.

* 1810 – Philip Henry Gosse, English naturalist ( d. 1888 )

* 1245 – Philip III of France ( d. 1285 )

* 1922 – Philip Larkin, English poet ( d. 1985 )

* 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

* 1949 – Philip Casnoff, American actor

In the wars of Philip V of Macedon and the Epirotes against the Aetolian league ( 220 – 205 ) Ambracia passed from one alliance to the other, but ultimately joined the latter confederacy.

* 1165 – Philip II of France ( d. 1223 )

In 1635 – 38, Pietro Boncompagni commissioned from Algardi a colossal statue of Philip Neri with kneeling angels for Santa Maria in Vallicella, completed in 1640.

* 1545 – Elisabeth of Valois, third wife of Philip II of Spain ( d. 1568 )

* 1578 – Philip III of Spain ( d. 1621 )

* Philip the Evangelist ( 8: 4 – 40 )

* 1900 – Philip Phillips, American archaeologist ( d. 1994 )

* 1404 – Philip II, Duke of Burgundy ( b. 1342 )

* Philip Michael Ellis ( 1652 – 1726 )

Barcelona had always been the stronghold of Catalan separatism and was the center of the Catalan Revolt ( 1640 – 52 ) against Philip IV of Spain.

* Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery 1894 – 1896

* Philip Rea, 2nd Baron Rea 1955 – 1967

** Philip I ( 1060 – 1108 )

** Philip II ( 1180 – 1223 )

** Philip III ( 1271 – 1285 )

** Philip IV ( 1285 – 1314 )

** Philip V ( 1316 – 1322 )

** Philip VI ( 1328 – 1350 )

** Philip ( 1700 – 1707 )

** Philip ( 1700 – 1713 )