According to Krugman, his interest in economics began with Asimov's Foundation novels, in which the social scientists of the future use ' Psychohistory ' to attempt to save civilization.

A psychogenic mode in Psychohistory is a type of mentality ( or psychoclass ) that results from, and is associated with, a particular childrearing style.

Psychohistory is based on group trends and cannot predict with sufficient accuracy the effects of extraordinary, unforeseeable individuals ; and, as originally presented, the Second Foundation's purpose was to counter this flaw.

That same year, Casper Schmidt responded to Gallo's papers with " The Group-Fantasy Origins of AIDS ", Journal of Psychohistory.

The Mule operated completely outside the Seldon Plan because Psychohistory operated only with probabilities and known human statistics, but the Mule was a mutant, and thus his birth was not predicted by Seldon, nor were his startling mental abilities.

One of the central tenets of Psychohistory was the belief in standard human reaction to outside stimuli, which the Mule negated, and the practice of dealing with masses of people, not individuals ; an individual capable of altering the Seldon Plan could not be calculated.

* Essence of Yoga: A Contribution to the Psychohistory of Indian Civilization ( Coauthored with Jeanine Miller )

Isaac Asimov's fictional science of " Psychohistory " in his Foundation series also faces with this dilemma ; Asimov even had one of his psychohistorians discuss the paradox.

Psychohistory derives many of its concepts from areas that are perceived to be ignored by conventional historians as shaping factors of human history, in particular, the effects of childbirth, parenting practice, and child abuse.

Others have dismissed deMause's theories and motives arguing that the emphasis given by Psychohistory to speculation on the psychological motivations of people in history make it an undisciplined field of study.

The Wellfleet Psychohistory Group, as it became known, focused mainly on psychological motivations for war, terrorism and genocide in recent history.

Psychohistory is a fictional science in Isaac Asimov's Foundation universe which combines history, sociology, etc., and mathematical statistics to make general predictions about the future behavior of very large groups of people, such as the Galactic Empire.

Psychohistory is the study of the psychological motivations of historical events.

Psychohistory relies heavily on historical biography.

Another theory that has similarities to Psychohistory is " Generational Dynamics " proposed by John J. Xenakis, where he proposes, " Generational Dynamics is a historical methodology that analyzes historical events through the flow of generations, and uses the analysis to forecast future events by comparing today's generational attitudes to those of the past ".

* Psychohistory, the real ( non-fictional ) study of the psychological motivation of groups in historical and current events

Psychohistory holds that human societies can change between infanticidal and non-infanticidal practices and has coined the term " early infanticidal childrearing " to describe abuse and neglect observed by many anthropologists.

Some historians, social scientists and anthropologists have, however, argued that their disciplines already describe psychological motivation and that Psychohistory is not, therefore, a separate subject.

A black-and-white version of the chart appears in Foundations of Psychohistory.

Psychohistory remains a controversial field of study, and deMause and other psychohistorians face criticism in the academic community.

Psychohistory uses a plurality of methodologies, and it is difficult to determine which is appropriate to use in each circumstance.

For examples of the more frivolous and distasteful sort of psychohistory, see The Journal of Psychohistory.

For more serious and scholarly attempts to understand the psychological dimension of the past, see The Psychohistory Review.

The principal center for psychohistorical study is The Institute for Psychohistory founded by Lloyd deMause which has 19 branches around the globe and has for over 30 years published the The Journal of Psychohistory.

It publishes Psychohistory News and has a psychohistorical mail order lending library.

A course in Psychohistory has been taught at a four universities at the undergraduate level.

The Psychohistory Forum, which publishes the quarterly journal Clio ’ s Psyche, was founded in 1983 by historian and psychoanalyst Paul H. Elovitz.

* Lloyd deMause, founder of The Institute for Psychohistory.

* The Institute for Psychohistory.

Clio's Psyche and The Psychohistory Forum: Psychological and Historican Insight without jargon.

This was the reason for his causing the creation of Psychohistory and Gaia.

It later gained fame for housing Hari Seldon and his " Seldon Psychohistory Project.

Called forth to stand trial on Trantor for allegations of treason ( for foreshadowing the decline of the Galactic Empire ), Seldon explains that his science of Psychohistory foresees many alternatives, all of which result in the Galactic Empire eventually falling.

Around 60 BC, a group of Boians joined the Helvetians ' ill-fated attempt to conquer land in western Gaul and were defeated by Julius Caesar, along with their allies, in the battle of Bibracte.

In June 1791, the King made an ill-fated attempt to flee the country ( flight to Varennes ), but was apprehended short of his goal on the Austrian Belgian border and was forced to return under guard to Paris.

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

He was involved in the first Ōmoto-kyō Incident, an ill-fated attempt to found a utopian colony in Mongolia.

* Rocket mail — an ill-fated attempt to commercialize rocketry

Later in the year, Earhart began her second, ill-fated attempt with the unpublicized first leg of her proposed transcontinental flight mapped from Oakland to Miami, Florida.

The first political prisoner to be executed was Collenot d ' Angremont of the National Guard, followed soon after by the King's trusted collaborator in his ill-fated attempt to moderate the Revolution, Arnaud de Laporte, both in 1792.

The immediate causes of this famine lay in Mao Zedong's ill-fated attempt to transform China from an agricultural nation to an industrial power in one huge leap.

In his later years, he serves as Federation ambassador to the Romulan Empire and becomes involved in the ill-fated attempt to save Romulus from a supernova.

SIFF 2006 included 300 + films and was the first SIFF to include a venue in neighboring Bellevue, Washington, after an ill-fated early attempt.

During the early 19th century, several different groups made ill-fated attempts to harvest the island's limestone and lumber resources ; none were successful until the Kelley brothers made their attempt in the 1830s.

Early in the war, according to the directives of Plan XVII, the French mobilized and hurled their forces towards the German border in an ill-fated attempt to recapture Alsace-Lorraine.

1979 saw the introduction of Shimano components and an ill-fated attempt to trademark Mountain Bike.

Everything conspired in their favour: the anxiety of those candid friends who were calling attention to the defective budget ; the commercial crisis, aggravated by the American Civil War ; and above all, the restless spirit of the emperor, who had annoyed his opponents in 1860 by insisting on an alliance with the United Kingdom in order to forcibly open the Chinese ports for trade, in 1863 by his ill-fated attempt of a military intervention in Mexico to set up a Latin empire in favour of the archduke Maximilian of Austria, and from 1861 to 1863 by embarking on colonising experiments in Cochinchina ( southern Vietnam ) and Annam ( central Vietnam ).

* Permanent Obscurity: Or A Cautionary Tale of Two Girls & Their Misadventures with Drugs, Pornography and Death by Dolores Santana ( as told to Richard Perez ) by Richard Perez ( Ludlow Press 2010 )- A cautionary neo-sexploitation tale featuring two East Village young women who embark on an ill-fated attempt at making a female domination film.

In 1755 he accompanied the ill-fated Braddock Expedition in its attempt to control access to the Ohio Valley.

Benedict Arnold followed the Kennebec River north in 1775, stopping at Fort Halifax in Winslow on his ill-fated attempt to invade Canada.

From then until 1932, sovereigns were produced only at branch mints at Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Bombay, Ottawa, and Pretoria ( except for some in 1925 produced in London as part of Winston Churchill's ill-fated attempt to return the UK to the gold standard ).

TV 0-6 began broadcasting in Athens, with many cartoons and children's shows, while TV Magic, after an ill-fated attempt to become a news-talk station owned by Socrates Kokkalis, became a station focusing on sports and particularly of Greek sports club Olympiacos, which Kokkalis also owned.

He also became the first man to fly a balloon over the North Pole in 2000, a trip that emulated the ill-fated attempt by Salomon August Andrée, a Swede, to fly to the North Pole in the 19th century and which he also described in a book called At The Mercy of the Wind.

During this ill-fated attempt he and most of Portugal's nobility were killed in the Battle of Ksar El Kebir in Morocco, eventually causing a succession crisis, that eventually resulted in the Iberian Union.

After an ill-fated attempt to market garments of " Stub-tex ", a form of Gore-Tex being used under licence from W. L. Gore & Associates, the company was sold in 1985 to the rival Spencers of Banbury and finally closed in July 1989.

Scott of the Antarctic is a 1948 film which depicts Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition and his attempt to be the first to the South Pole in Antarctica.

It dissolved in 1876, after the capture of the Younger brothers in Minnesota after the ill-fated attempt to rob the Northfield First National Bank.