The king of Attalid Pergamene employed their services in the increasingly devastating wars of Asia Minor ; another band deserted from their Egyptian overlord Ptolemy IV after a solar eclipse had broken their spirits.

A shrine, the Homereion, was devoted to him in Alexandria by Ptolemy IV Philopator in the late 3rd century BC.

* 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.

Two other fragmentary copies of the same decree were discovered later, and several similar Egyptian bilingual or trilingual inscriptions are now known, including two slightly earlier Ptolemaic decrees ( the Decree of Canopus in 238 BC, and the Memphis decree of Ptolemy IV, ca.

Ptolemy V Epiphanes ( reigned 204 – 181 BC ), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and his wife and sister Arsinoe, had become ruler at the age of five after the sudden death of both of his parents, murdered, according to contemporary sources, in a conspiracy that involved Ptolemy IV's mistress Agathoclea.

Meanwhile, in the south of Egypt, there was a long-standing revolt that had begun during the reign of Ptolemy IV, led by Horwennefer and by his successor Ankhwennefer.

When he returned to the west in 205 BC, Antiochus found that with the death of Ptolemy IV, the situation now looked propitious for another western campaign.

** Ptolemy IV Philopater ( 222 BC – 204 BC ) and his wife Arsinoe III

* Negotiations between the new Egyptian King Ptolemy IV and the Seleucid King Antiochus III collapse, and Antiochus III renews his advance, overrunning Ptolemy's forward defences.

** December – Battle in Alexandria, Egypt between the forces of Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII of Egypt and Queen Arsinoe IV.

** Ptolemy IV Philopator, Greek king of Egypt who has reigned from 221 BC and under whose weak and incompetent rule, heavily influenced by his favourites, much of Ptolemaic Syria has been lost and native uprisings have begun to disturb the internal stability of the country ( b. c. 238 BC )

** Arsinoe III, queen of Egypt, sister and wife of the King Ptolemy IV ( assassinated ) ( b. c. 246 BC )

* The Hellenistic astronomer Ptolemy, in Almagest IV 2, discusses the duration and ratios of several periods related to the Moon, as known to " ancient astronomers " and " the Chaldeans " and improved by Hipparchus.

* Berenice IV becomes queen of Egypt after temporarily dethroning her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes.

* Princess Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and probably Cleopatra V of Egypt ( or 68 BC ) ( d. 41 BC )

* Princess Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and probably Cleopatra V of Egypt ( or 67 BC ) ( d. 41 BC )

* Egypt's Ptolemy III dies and is succeeded by his son, Ptolemy IV.

Sosibius is appointed by Ptolemy IV as his Chief Minister and immediately has a great influence over the young king, directing all of the affairs of state.

* At Sosibius ' direction, Ptolemy IV puts to death in succession his uncle, Lysimachus, his brother Magas, and his mother Berenice II.

* King Cleomenes III of Sparta, who is in exile in Egypt, is imprisoned by Ptolemy IV on a charge of conspiracy.

* Arsinoe III, queen of Egypt, sister and wife of the King Ptolemy IV ( assassinated ) ( b. c. 246 BC )

* Ptolemy IV dies and is succeeded by his five year old son Ptolemy V. However, no public announcement is made about the king's death.

The year is stated as the ninth year of Ptolemy V's reign ( equated with 197 / 196 BC ), and it is confirmed by naming four priests who officiated in that same year: Aëtus son of Aëtus was priest of the divine cults of Alexander the Great and the five Ptolemies down to Ptolemy V himself ; his three colleagues, named in turn in the inscription, led the worship of Berenice Euergetis ( wife of Ptolemy III ), Arsinoe Philadelpha ( wife and sister of Ptolemy II ) and Arsinoe Philopator, mother of Ptolemy V. However, a second date is also given in the Greek and hieroglyphic texts, corresponding to, the official anniversary of Ptolemy's coronation.

* Ptolemy IV Philopator, Greek king of Egypt who has reigned from 221 BC ( b. c. 238 BC )

The identity of Cleopatra's mother is unknown, but she is generally believed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt, the sister or cousin and wife of Ptolemy XII, or possibly another Ptolemaic family member who was the daughter of Ptolemy X and Cleopatra Berenice III Philopator if Cleopatra V was not the daughter of Ptolemy X and Berenice III.

When Ptolemy XIV died – allegedly poisoned by his older sister – Cleopatra made Caesarion her co-regent and successor and gave him the epithets Theos Philopator Philometor (= Father-and motherloving God ).

Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar (, Ptolemaios IEʹ Philopatōr Philomētōr Kaisar ; ; June 23, 47 BC – August 23, 30 BC ), better known by the nicknames Caesarion (;, Kaisariōn, literally " little Caesar "; ) and Ptolemy Caesar (;, Ptolemaios Kaisar ; ), was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, who reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC.

Ptolemy IV Philopator ( Greek:, Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr, reigned 221 – 205 BCE ), son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II of Egypt was the fourth Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt.

Ptolemy V Epiphanes (, Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs, reigned 204 – 181 BC ), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III of Egypt, was the fifth ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Ptolemy Epiphanes was only a small boy when his father, Ptolemy Philopator, died.

** Ptolemy of Mauretania born in ca 10 BC – 5 BC

Conon was born on Samos, Ionia, and possibly died in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt, where he was court astronomer to Ptolemy III Euergetes.

* Ptolemy VI born in 186 BC

* Ptolemy VIII born ca 184 BC

* Ptolemy Eupator, born in 166 BC.

* Ptolemy ( D ), born ca 152 BC.

He was almost certainly older than Alexander, as were Ptolemy, Erigyius, and the others of the ‘ boyhood friends ’ ; so depending on when Androtimus came to Macedonia Nearchus was quite possibly born on Crete.

It is also speculated that Theocritus was born in Syracuse, lived on the island of Kos, and lived in Egypt during the time of Ptolemy II.

Ptolemy was most probably born in Cyrene, the capital of Cyrenaica, however was raised and educated in his father ’ s court in Egypt.

He was born at Chalcis in Euboea, and flourished at Alexandria in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus ( 285-247 BC ).

1241 bears some signs of confusion since it lists Apollonius under Ptolemy I Soter ( died 283 BC ), or Ptolemy V Epiphanes ( born 210 BC ).

Antiochus II made peace with the Pharaoh by divorcing Laodice I and marrying the daughter of Ptolemy II, Berenice as his second wife with the understanding that any children born from their union will inherit the Seleucid throne.

Cleopatra Tryphaena V vanished around the time Cleopatra VII was born ( 69 BC ): her name begins to disappear from monuments and papyri, and there is an inscription of Ptolemy XII from 68 BC that does not mention her but would be expected to do so had she still been alive.

If we had no other information, we should only know that he was later than Ptolemy ( died c. 168 AD ), whom he quotes, and earlier than Proclus ( born c. 411 AD ), who quotes him.

Ptolemy XI was born to Ptolemy X Alexander I and either Cleopatra Selene or Berenice III.

Juba I was the father of King of Numidia and later Mauretania, Juba II ( 50 / 52 BC – 23 ), father-in-law of Juba II ’ s wives Greek Ptolemaic princess Cleopatra Selene II ( 40 BC – 6 BC ), Cappodocian princess Glaphyra and paternal grandfather to King Ptolemy of Mauretania ( 1 BC – 40 AD ) and Mauretanian princess Drusilla of Mauretania ( born 5 AD ).

She was born in 120 BC, the daughter of Ptolemy IX Lathyros and Cleopatra Selene I.

* Ptolemy of Mauretania born in ca 10 BC-5 BC

During this time Cleopatra III was born to Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II of Egypt ( sometime between 160 and 155 BC ).

* Ptolemy IX born ca 143 BC

* Ptolemy X born ca 140 or 139 BC.