The first instance of a grand jury can be traced back to the Assize of Clarendon, an 1166 act of Henry II of England.

Henry II also introduced what is now known as the " grand jury " through his Assize of Clarendon.

The Assize of Clarendon in 1166 caused these juries to be adopted systematically throughout the country.

The English royal castles also became used as gaols – the Assize of Clarendon in 1166 insisted that royal sheriffs establish their own gaols and, in the coming years, county gaols were placed in all the shrieval royal castles.

The Assize of Clarendon was an 1166 act of Henry II of England that began the transformation of English law from such systems for deciding the prevailing party in a case as trial by ordeal or trial by battle to an evidentiary model, in which evidence and inspection was made by laymen.

The Assize of Clarendon did not lead to this change immediately, however ; recourse to trial by combat was not officially rescinded until 1819.

The Assize takes its name from Clarendon Palace, Wiltshire, the royal hunting lodge at which it was promulgated.

* Medieval Sourcebook: Text of the Assize of Clarendon

* Avalon Project, Assize of Clarendon text

* Assize of Clarendon

Henry II also instituted the Assize of Clarendon in 1166, which allowed for jury trials and reduced the number of trials by combat.

When Henry II reformed English civil procedure in the Assize of Clarendon in 1166, trial by jury became available, and lawyers, guarding the safety of the lives and limbs of their clients, steered people away from the wager of battle.

In the Assize of Clarendon, enacted in 1166 and the first great legislative act in the reign of the English Angevin King Henry II, the law of the land required that: " anyone, who shall be found, on the oath of the aforesaid jury, to be accused or notoriously suspect of having been a robber or murderer or thief, or a receiver of them ... be taken and put to the ordeal of water.

The Assize of Ultram, especially as defined in the Constitutions of Clarendon, 1164, gave the Crown a chance to clarify difficult questions of ownership and duty in a non-religious, secular court.

::* Assize of Clarendon, 1166 act taken by King Henry II of England

King Henry II instituted the custom of having judges ride around the countryside (" ride circuit ") each year to hear cases, rather than forcing everyone to bring their cases to London ( see Assize of Clarendon ).

The Assize of Northampton, largely based on the Assize of Clarendon of 1166, is among a series of measures taken by King Henry II of England that solidified the rights of the knightly tenants and made all possession of land subject to and guaranteed by royal law.

Magna Carta and the Assize of Clarendon provided for the trial of serious criminal cases on circuit.

It was the difficulty in using the longbow which led various monarchs of England to issue instructions encouraging their ownership and practice, including the Assize of Arms of 1252 and King Edward III's declaration of 1363: " Whereas the people of our realm, rich and poor alike, were accustomed formerly in their games to practise archery – whence by God's help, it is well known that high honour and profit came to our realm, and no small advantage to ourselves in our warlike enterprises ... that every man in the same country, if he be able-bodied, shall, upon holidays, make use, in his games, of bows and arrows ... and so learn and practise archery.

The Assize of Arms of 1252, which required the appointment of constables to summon men to arms, quell breaches of the peace, and to deliver offenders to the sheriffs or reeves, is cited as one of the earliest creation of the English police.

* January – The Assize of Northampton is enacted.

Angoulême is the seat of a bishop, a prefect, and an Assize court.

This is partly because until 1835 Lancaster Castle was the only Assize Court in the entire county and covered rapidly growing industrial centres including Manchester and Liverpool.

Keble's feast day is kept on 14 July ( the anniversary of his Assize Sermon ) in the Church of England, and on 29 March ( the anniversary of his death ) elsewhere in the Anglican Communion.

The term is believed to have originated in the 19th century, and is possibly derived from the Home Circuit of the itinerant Assize Court.

His last work, from a design by Bunbury, is entitled Interior of a Barber's Shop in Assize Time, and is dated 1811.

The first mention of the name Pensans is in the Assize Roll of 1284, and the first mention of the actual church that gave Penzance its name, is from a manuscript written by William Borlase in 1750:

The Crown Court is a permanent unitary court across England and Wales, whereas the Assizes were periodic local courts heard before judges of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court, who travelled across the seven circuits into which England and Wales were divided, assembling juries in the Assize Towns and hearing cases.

At the western end of the castle is an ivy clad building built in 1826 as the Assize courts.

Adam Hepburn of Dunsyre is one of the several illustrious jurors on an Assize, 5 March 1470 / 1, which acquitted Andrew Ker of Cessford of aiding and abetting James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Angus " traitor from England within Scotland ", for his association with Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd after he was declared a rebel, and other accusations, all of which Ker had denied.

" This ordinance is usually known as the Assize of Measures or the Assize of Cloth.

The Assize of Northampton is also the first official document to contain information on the possessory assizes of mort d ' ancestor and novel disseisin.

* killed the Chancellor, Treasurer ( this office is now in commission ), one of the King's Justices ( either of the King's Bench or the Common Pleas ), a Justice in Eyre, an Assize judge, and " all other Justices ," while they are performing their offices.

The Black Assize is a name given to multiple deaths in the city of Oxford in England between July 6 and August 12, 1577.

Coat of arms of the kingdom of Jerusalem. The Assise sur la ligece ( roughly, " Assize on liege-homage ") is an important piece of legislation passed by the Haute Cour of Jerusalem, the feudal court of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, in an unknown year, but probably in the 1170s under Amalric I of Jerusalem.

The Courts of Assize and Quarter Sessions were eventually abolished in England and Wales by the Courts Act 1971 and replaced by a single permanent Crown Court.

The no longer applicable right to keep and bear arms had originated in England during the reign of Henry II with the 1181 Assize of Arms, and developed as part of Common Law.

* Review of the Statutes and Ordinances of Assize which have been established in England from the 4th year of King John, 1202, to the 37th of his present Majesty ( London, 1801 ), a work of some historical research.

::* assizes ( England and Wales ), an obsolete judicial inquest ( Court of Assize )

::* Assize of Northampton, additional legal measures taken by Henry II of England

Quarter Sessions were abolished in England and Wales in 1972, when the Courts Act 1971 replaced them together with the Courts of Assize ( Assizes ) with a single permanent Crown Court of England and Wales.

The Manchester Assize Courts were law courts once located on Great Ducie Street in Strangeways, Manchester in England.