It was confirmed in 2010 that these remains belong to her — one of the earliest members of the English royal family.

Confirmation is afforded by English and Danish traditions relating to two kings named Wermund and Offa of Angel, from whom the Mercian royal family claimed descent and whose exploits are connected with Angeln, Schleswig, and Rendsburg.

The powers to review administrative decisions are usually established by statute, but were originally developed from the royal prerogative writs of English law, such as the writ of mandamus and the writ of certiorari.

The celebration of deeds of ancient Danish and Swedish heroes, the poem beginning with a tribute to the royal line of Danish kings, but written in the dominant literary dialect of Anglo-Saxon England, for a number of scholars points to the 11th century reign of Canute, the Danish king whose empire included all of these areas, and whose primary place of residence was in England, as the most likely time of the poem's creation, the poem being written as a celebration of the king's heroic royal ancestors, perhaps intended as a form of artistic flattery by one of his English courtiers.

Catherine was quite short in stature with long red hair, wide blue eyes, a round face, and a fair complexion. She was descended, on her maternal side, from the English royal house ; her great-grandmother Catherine of Lancaster, after whom she was named, and her great-great-grandmother Philippa of Lancaster were both daughters of John of Gaunt and granddaughters of Edward III of England.

Supported and encouraged by important royal French and English patrons, she influenced 15th-century English poetry.

The Statute of Marlborough became a basis for royal government, and the relationship between the king and his subjects, and as such the Dictum lived on in English constitutional history.

Professor Mark Horton of Bristol University said that " this may prove to be the oldest complete remains of an English royal.

The bones " are the oldest surviving remains of an English royal burial ," Bristol University announced in a press release.

Mary may not have been told of every Catholic plot to put her on the English throne, but from the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 ( which caused Mary's suitor, the Duke of Norfolk, to lose his head ) to the Babington Plot of 1586, Elizabeth's spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham and the royal council keenly assembled a case against her.

* 1650 – Nell Gwynne, English actress and royal mistress ( d. 1687 )

In fact, Henry's chief effect on the development of the English monarchy was to increase the jurisdiction of the royal courts at the expense of the feudal courts.

The company was incorporated by English royal charter in 1670 as The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay and functioned as the de facto government in parts of North America before European states and later the United States laid claim to those territories.

Whilst William and Mary accepted limits on royal power, under the Bill of Rights ( a contract between themselves and the English parliament ), Scotland had an equivalent document in the Claim of Rights.

The differences between the English and Norman populations began to break down during his reign and he himself married a descendant of the old English royal house.

This was followed in 1172 by the invasion of King Henry II of England, commencing English royal involvement.

It consists of a group of heroic tales dealing with the lives of Conchobar mac Nessa, king of Ulster, the great hero Cú Chulainn, the son of Lug, and of their friends, lovers, and enemies. These are the Ulaid, or people of the North-Eastern corner of Ireland and the action of the stories centres round the royal court at Emain Macha ( known in English as Navan Fort ), close to the modern town of Armagh.

Viewed positively, Lewis Warren considers that John discharged " his royal duty of providing justice ... with a zeal and a tirelessness to which the English common law is greatly endebted ".

* 1978 – Autumn Phillips, English royal, wife of Peter Phillips

In 1924 he published one of his most famous works Les rois thaumaturges: étude sur le caractère surnaturel attribué à la puissance royale particulièrement en France et en Angleterre ( translated in English as The magic-working kings or The royal touch: sacred monarchy and scrofula in England and France ) in which he collected, described and studied the documents pertaining to the ancient tradition that the kings of the Middle Ages were able to cure the disease of scrofula simply by touching people suffering from it.

* 1691 – The English royal charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay is issued.

Although successful in terms of uniting the Welsh against their oppressors, the uprising eventually ran out of pace due to key home ground lost whilst chasing the English army towards London — Glyndŵr was last seen in 1412 and was never captured nor tempted by royal pardons and never betrayed.

Pounds's study The Medieval Castle in England and Wales, many English castles had been deserted and others were crumbling.

Despite the excommunication of Bruce and his followers by Pope Clement V, his support slowly strengthened ; and by 1314 with the help of leading nobles such as Sir James Douglas and Thomas Randolph only the castles at Bothwell and Stirling remained under English control.

The result was to turn Kenilworth into one of the largest English castles of the time, with one of the largest artificial lake defences in England.

English castles, including Kenilworth, did not play a decisive role during the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 – 85 ), which were fought primarily in the form of pitched battles between the rival factions of the Lancastrians and the Yorkists.

The concept of rivers or harbours coming directly up to the walls of fortifications was especially used by the English as they constructed castles throughout Wales.

English resistance was reduced to a few isolated castles, walled towns and fortified manor houses.

Using the castles that remained in English control he gradually began to retake Wales while cutting off trade and the supply of weapons.

They plundered Lothian and regained some castles, but failed to bring Wallace to combat ; the Scots shadowed the English army, intending to avoid battle until shortages of supplies and money forced Edward to withdraw, at which point the Scots would harass his retreat.

His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, the settling of a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy.

He used small forces to trap an invading English army, took castles by stealth to preserve his troops and he used the land as a weapon against Edward by attacking quickly and then disappearing into the hills instead of facing the superior numbers of the English.

After a successful campaign, Edward subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with Englishmen.

Bruce was forced into hiding, while the English forces recaptured their lost territory and castles.

It is not used in the same way as " castle ", and most châteaux are described in English as " palaces " or " country houses " rather than " castles ".

The combined Danish and English forces defeated the Norman garrison at York, seized the castles and took control of Northumbria, although a raid into Lincolnshire led by Edgar was defeated by the Norman garrison of Lincoln.

He was forced to sign the Treaty of Falaise to secure his release, in return for surrendering Edinburgh Castle, along with the castles of Berwick, Roxburgh and Stirling, to the English King, Henry II.

Instead, he remained south of the Loire River, where he was still able to exert some small amount of power, maintaining an itinerant court in the Loire Valley at castles such as Chinon, being customarily known as " Dauphin " still, or derisively as " King of Bourges " ( named after the town where he generally lived ), periodically considering flight to the Iberian Peninsula, and allowing the English to advance in power.

In 1377 he proposed to the English that he would return to Normandy and put the harbours and castles he still controlled there at their disposal for a joint attack on France ; he also proposed that his daughter should be married to the new English King, the young Richard II.

Instead he sent off his eldest son to Normandy, with a number of officials, including his chamberlain Jacques de Rue, who were to prepare his castles to receive the English, as well as a servant whose mission was to insinuate himself into the royal kitchens in Paris and poison the King of France.

Framlingham Castle escaped the slighting that occurred to many other English castles around this time.

One of the functions castles served was as a prison ; the first record of the castle being used in this way was in 1196, although the role became much more important after the English Civil War.

English castles during the period were divided into those royal castles owned by the king, and baronial castles controlled by the Anglo-Norman lords.