Bjarne Stroustrup (); born December 30, 1950 in Århus, Denmark ) is a Danish computer scientist, most notable for the creation and the development of the widely used C ++ programming language.

* The Danish tongue or Old Norse, the parent language of all North Germanic languages

Danish ( dansk, ; dansk sprog, ) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in the country of Denmark.

It is also spoken by 50, 000 Germans of Danish ethnicity in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, where it holds minority language status.

Danish is a mandatory subject in school in the Danish crown territories of the Faroe Islands ( where it is also an official language after Faroese ) and Greenland ( where, however, the only official language since 2009 is Kalaallisut ), as well as the former crown holding of Iceland.

There are also Danish language communities in Argentina, the United States and Canada.

Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the East Norse dialect group, while the old Norwegian dialects before the influence of Danish and Bokmål is classified as a West Norse language together with Faroese and Icelandic.

Written Danish and Norwegian Bokmål are particularly close, though the phonology ( that is, the system of relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of the language ) and the prosody ( the patterns of stress and intonation ) differ somewhat.

Danish is the national language of Denmark, and one of two official languages of the Faroes ( alongside Faroese ).

Danish is widely spoken in Greenland, and an unknown portion of the native Greenlandic population has Danish as their first language.

Danish was an official language in Iceland until 1944 but is today still widely used and is a mandatory subject in school.

In addition, there is a small community of Danish speakers in Southern Schleswig, the portion of Germany bordering Denmark, where it is an officially recognised regional language, just as German is north of the border.

Under the Nordic Language Convention, citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Danish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for any interpretation or translation costs.

The more widespread of the two Norwegian languages, Bokmål, is a daughter language of Danish.

Until 1814, Danish was the official language of Norway.

Bokmål is based on Danish unlike the other Norwegian language, Nynorsk, which is based on the Norwegian dialects, with Old Norwegian as an important reference point.

From a linguistic point of view, Bokmål and Danish are the same language.

There is no law stipulating an official language for Denmark, making Danish the de facto language only.

Its position gives Denmark complete control of the Danish Straits ( Skagerrak and Kattegat ) linking Baltic and North Seas.

The Faroese were allowed access to the large Danish waters in the North Atlantic.

The Danish Wadden Sea Islands and the German North Frisian Islands stretch along the southwest coast of Jutland in the German Bight.

Kennings are virtually absent from the surviving corpus of continental West Germanic verse ; the Old Saxon Heliand contains only one example: lîk-hamo “ body-raiment ” = “ body ” ( Heliand 3453 b ), a compound which, in any case, is normal in West Germanic and North Germanic prose ( Old English līchama, Old High German lîchamo, lîchinamo, Dutch lichaam, Old Icelandic líkamr, líkami, Old Swedish līkhamber, Swedish lekamen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål legeme, Norwegian Nynorsk lekam ).

Today Old Norse has developed into the modern North Germanic languages ( Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish ), and although distinct languages there is still considerable mutual intelligibility.

The 6th century chronicler Jordanes reports a tradition that they had been driven out of their homeland by the North Germanic Dani, which places their origins in the Danish isles or southernmost Sweden.

However, all modern Germanic languages save English and Scots retain the more general sense: for example, German Tier, Alemannic Diere or Tiere, Pennsylvania Dutch Gedier, Dutch dier, Afrikaans dier, Limburgish diere, Norwegian dyr, Swedish djur, Danish dyr, Icelandic dýr, Faroese dýr, West Frisian dier, and North Frisian diarten, all of which mean " animal.

Beside Standard German, Low Saxon dialects ( Schleswigsch ) are spoken, as well as Danish ( Sydslesvigsk or Sydslesvigdansk ) and its South Jutlandic variant, furthermore North Frisian in the west.

From around 1800 to 1840 the Danish speaking population on the Angeln peninsula between Schleswig and Flensburg began to switch to Low German and in the same period many North Frisians also switched to Low German.

Godthaab became the seat of government for the Danish colony of South Greenland, while Godhavn ( modern Qeqertarsuaq ) was the capital of North Greenland until 1940 when the administration was unified in Godthaab.

Øresund is one of the three Danish Straits that connects the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via Kattegat, Skagerrak and the North Sea, and is one of the busiest waterways in the world.

He would also claim later ( and, it seems, not without some supporting evidence ) to have served on Danish whalers in the North Atlantic, visiting European colonies in the Caribbean and on the eastern seaboard of North America.

* Skagerrak, Kattegat, and the Danish straits which together connect the North Sea to the Baltic Sea.

In the North Berwick witch trials in Scotland, over 70 people were accused of witchcraft on account of bad weather when James VI of Scotland, who shared the Danish king's interest in witch trials, sailed to Denmark in 1590 to meet his betrothed Anne of Denmark.

Since Harthacnut was already on the Danish throne, this reunited the North Sea Empire.

The haste with which the Danes resumed their attack on Norse Dublin before consolidating their control of Saxon England indicates that the entire Danish invasion was not primarily aimed at the conquest of Saxon England, but to secure a North Sea base of operations to use as a springboard in the conflict with the Norwegians, who controlled an extensive trade network in the Orkney Islands, the Hebrides, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, and Ireland, which exported goods as the Danes did, from the British Isles south-east through Kievan Rus as far as Constantinople and Baghdad, following the Dniepr from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

Richard North further notes that unusually, sib is personified here and in lines 2599 to 2661, and suggests they may be references to Sif in Danish religion: " Both instances may indicate that the poet of Beowulf was in a position to imagine a sixth-century Scandinavia on the basis of his knowledge of contemporary Danish legends.

Söl ' ring is a unique dialect of insular North Frisian, with elements of Danish, Dutch and English.

It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia along with adjacent areas to the east and south and is bounded by ( from the east and clockwise ) the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.

It might be connected to the Germanic word belt, a name used for two of the Danish straits, the Belts, while others claim it to be derived from Latin balteus ( belt ).

* In Germanic languages, except English, East Sea is used: Afrikaans ( Oossee ), Danish ( Østersøen ), Dutch ( Oostzee ), German ( Ostsee ), Icelandic and Faroese ( Eystrasalt ), Norwegian ( Østersjøen ), and Swedish ( Östersjön ).

Standard Danish has two genders and the definite form of nouns is formed by the use of suffixes, while Western Jutlandic has only one gender and the definite form of nouns uses an article before the noun itself, in the same fashion as West Germanic languages.

A draugr, draug or ( Icelandic ) draugur ( original Old Norse plural draugar, as used here, not " draugrs "), or draugen ( Norwegian, Swedish and Danish, meaning " the draug "), also known as aptrganga (" afturgöngur " in modern Icelandic ) ( literally " after-walker ", or " one who walks after death ") is an undead creature from Norse mythology, a subset of Germanic mythology.

From his sophomore year he additionally began to focus on Germanic languages completing coursework in Gothic, Old High German, Old Saxon, Icelandic, Dutch, Swedish and Danish.

The word friend itself has cognates in the other Germanic languages ; but the Scandinavian ones ( like Swedish frände, Danish frænde ) predominatly mean " relative " ( but may also mean soulmate ).

Modern Germanic peoples are the Scandinavians ( Norwegians, Swedish, Danish, Icelanders, and Faroese ), Germans, Austrians, Alemannic Swiss, Liechtensteiners, Luxembourgers, the Dutch, Flemings, Afrikaners, Frisians, the English and others who still speak languages derived from the ancestral Germanic dialects.

The non-German Germanic languages language group ( 0. 5 %) like Danish, Dutch and Frisian were located in the north and northwest of the empire, near the borders with Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.

Jacob is recognized for enunciating Grimm's law, the Germanic Sound Shift, that was first observed by the Danish philologist Rasmus Christian Rask.

This meaning, of unknown origin, is common among West Germanic languages ( cf: Old Frisian kniucht, Dutch knecht, Danish knægt, Swedish knekt, Norwegian knekt, Middle High German kneht, all meaning " boy, youth, lad ", as well as German Knecht " servant, bondsman, vassal ").

Both words are thought to be derived from Common Germanic * jeχʷla -, and are cognate to Gothic ( fruma ) jiuleis and Old Norse ( Icelandic and Faroese ) jól ( Danish and Swedish jul and Norwegian jul or jol ) as well as ýlir.

The word itself, Old English bread, is common in various forms to many Germanic languages, such as Frisian brea, Dutch brood, German Brot, Swedish bröd, and Norwegian and Danish brød ; it has been claimed to be derived from the root of brew.

Examples of Germanic wooden shields c350 BC-500 AD survive from weapons sacrifices in Danish bogs.

The Latin term, applied to a Germanic custom, was adopted from a Germanic term, * morgangeba ( compare Early English morgengifu, German Morgengabe, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål Morgengave, Norwegian Nynorsk Morgongåve and Swedish Morgongåva ).