* 1965 – Frank Black, American singer-songwriter ( Pixies, Frank Black and the Catholics, and Grand Duchy )

* 1506 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Crimean Khanate in the Battle of Kletsk

Albert of Prussia (; ) ( 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 ) was the 37th and last sovereign Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion.

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

The Republic of Siena is incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

1309 – 26 May 1339 ) was the Queen of Poland ( 1333 – 1339 ), and the Princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

In 1683, the Qing staged an amphibious assault on southern Taiwan, bringing down the rebel Grand Duchy of Tungning, which was founded by the Ming loyalist Koxinga in 1662 after the fall of the Southern Ming, and had served as a base for continued Ming resistance in Southern China.

In 1411, the First Peace of Thorn ended the Polish – Lithuanian – Teutonic War, in which the Teutonic Knights fought the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

** Diet of Finland, the legislative assembly of the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906

On 26 February 1815, Napoleon abandoned Elba for France, reviving the French Empire for a Hundred Days ; the Allies declared an end to Napoleon's sovereignty over Elba on 25 March 1815, and on 31 March 1815 Elba was ceded to the restored Grand Duchy of Tuscany by the Congress of Vienna.

In 1608 the Grand Duchy of Tuscany did an expedition to the area in order to create an Italian colony for the commerce of amazonian products to Renaissance Italy, but his sudden death stopped it.

* 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau.

Category: People from the Grand Duchy of Baden

Francis was from his experiences suspicious and set up an extensive network of police spies and censors to monitor dissent ( in this he was following his father's lead, as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had the most effective secret police in Europe ).

The Civil War concerned control and leadership of the Grand Duchy of Finland after it had become sovereign in 1917.

Following the Diet of Porvoo in 1809, Finland, previously part of the Kingdom of Sweden, had been ruled as a nominally autonomous part of the Russian Empire, known as the Grand Duchy of Finland.

The collapse of the Russian Empire following the February and October Revolutions of 1917 spurred the collapse of the Grand Duchy of Finland, and the resultant power vacuum led to bitter conflict between the left-leaning labor movement, led by the Social Democrats, and more conservative non-socialists.

The autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, as a part of the Russian Empire, became a part of the vacuum and the struggle for power.

The military significance of the Grand Duchy of Finland had been increasing for the Russians from the mid-19th century with the rising tensions and competition among the major European powers.

The Grand Duchy had also become a vital source of raw materials, industrial products, food, and labour for the growing capital city of Russia.

This caused more than 50 years of positive economic, industrial, cultural and educational development in the Grand Duchy of Finland.

These developments also encouraged Finnish nationalism and cultural unity through the birth of the Fennoman movement, which bound the Finns to the domestic governmental system and led to the idea that the Finnish Grand Duchy was an increasingly autonomous part of the Russian Empire.

In 1899 the Russian Empire initiated a policy of integration through Russification in the Finnish Grand Duchy.

After 1806 he used the titles: " We, Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria ; King of Jerusalem, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria ; Archduke of Austria ; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Würzburg, Franconia, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola ; Grand Duke of Cracow ; Grand Prince of Transylvania ; Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Sandomir, Masovia, Lublin, Upper and Lower Silesia, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen and Friule ; Prince of Berchtesgaden and Mergentheim ; Princely Count of Habsburg, Gorizia and Gradisca and of the Tirol ; and Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria ", President of the German Confederation.

Lower Town began to develop in 1847 with the completion of the Franklin Avenue ( now Grand River Avenue ) covered bridge over the Grand River.

Among its accomplishments, the United Province of Canada negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 with the United States, built the Grand Trunk Railway, improved the educational system in Canada West under Egerton Ryerson, reinstated French as an official language of the legislature and the courts, codified the Civil Code of Lower Canada in 1866, and abolished the seigneurial system in Canada East.

Also overlooking the Grand Harbour and Breakwater, the Lower Barrakka Gardens () offer views of Fort Ricasoli, Bighi Palace, Fort St Angelo and the creeks of Vittoriosa and Kalkara.

* Lower Grand Lagoon

Yongle also worked to reclaim production rich regions such as the Lower Yangtze Delta and called for a massive reconstruction of the Grand Canal of China.

Lower Grand Lagoon is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Bay County, Florida, United States.

Lower Grand Lagoon is located at ( 30. 150784 ,-85. 761490 ).

ca: Lower Grand Lagoon

es: Lower Grand Lagoon

nl: Lower Grand Lagoon

pt: Lower Grand Lagoon

vo: Lower Grand Lagoon

Soap Lake is formed at the end of a chain of lakes running down the center of the Lower Grand Coulee.

The Lower Grand Coulee is over a mile and a half wide in places with sheer basalt rock walls rising 900 feet over the coulee floor.

; Archduke of Austria ; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow ; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Bukowina ; Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen, Friuli, Dubrovnik and Zadar ; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca ; Prince of Trent and Brixen ; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and Istria ; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenburg etc.

Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Lorraine, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Grand Prince of Transylvania, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Brabant, Limburg, Luxembourg, Gelderland, Württemberg, the Upper and Lower Silesia, Milan, Mantua, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Auschwitz, Zator, Calabria, Bar, Montferrat, Teschen, Prince of Swabia, Charleville, Princely Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol, Hennegau, Kyburg, Gorizia, Gradisca, Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgau, the Upper and Lower Lusatia, Pont-à-Mousson, Nomeny, Count of Namur, Provence, Vaudémont, Blâmont, Zutphen, Saarwerden, Salm, Falkenstein, Lord of the Wendish March and Mechelen

* 1868 – Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine ( d. 1937 )

* 1937 – Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine ( b. 1868 )

* March 13 – Ernest Louis, a grandson of Queen Victoria, becomes Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine on the death of his father, Grand Duke Louis IV.

* March 13 – Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

* December 14 – Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine ( b. 1843 )

In Baden and Hesse and by Rhine, junior members held the style of Grand Ducal Highness.

In the German regions on the left bank of the Rhine ( Rhenish Palatinate and Prussian Rhine Province ), the former Duchy of Berg and the Grand Duchy of Baden, the Napoleonic code was in use until the introduction of the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch in 1900 as the first common civil code for the entire German Empire.

* The Most Hon The Marquess of Milford Haven ( great-great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria through her daughter The Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine )

* The Rt Hon The Countess Mountbatten of Burma ( Lord Milford Haven's first cousin once-removed, great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria through her daughter The Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine )

******** HIH Princess Victoria of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, Grand Duchess Viktoria Feodorovna of Russia ( 1876 – 1936 )

******* HRH The Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine ( 1843 – 1878 )

His stepfather also made him heir to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt in 1810 and hence he technically succeeded as Grand Duke to Archbishop Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg, the Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine, upon the latter's abdication in 1813.

In the War of the Grand Alliance he again fought on the Habsburgs ' side, protected the Rhine frontier, and, being the Emperor's son-in-law and the husband of the King of Spain's niece, was appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands in late 1691.

For instance, prior to her marriage, Empress Alexandra of Russia was known as " Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine " Ihre Großherzogliche Hoheit Alix Prinzessin von Hessen und bei Rhein ).

* Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine ( 1837 – 1892 )

* Princess Wilhelmine of Baden ( 1788 – 1836 ), Grand Duchess of Hess and the Rhine

We Charles, by the Grace of God King of Sweden, the Goths and the Vends, Grand Prince of Finland, Duke of Estonia and Karelia, Lord of Ingria, Duke of Bremen, Verden and Pomerania, Prince of Rügen and Lord of Wismar, and also Count Palatine by the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Count of Zweibrücken – Kleeburg, as well as Duke of Jülich, Cleve and Berg, Count of Veldenz, Spanheim and Ravensberg and Lord of Ravenstein.

Category: People from the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine

On 23 January 1874, the Duke of Edinburgh married the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, the second ( and only surviving ) daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his wife Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Wilhelmine of Baden, at the Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg.