Uncoating yields a transcriptionally active 470S core particle which is composed of two major proteins VP7 and VP3, and the three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6 in addition to the dsRNA genome.

The genetic material can be ssRNA, dsRNA, ssDNA, or dsDNA (' ss -' or ' ds -' prefix denotes single-strand or double-strand ) along with either circular or linear arrangement.

After binding dsRNA, this receptor activates the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, which are important for initiating synthesis of many inflammatory proteins.

Double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells.

In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in determining, at atomic and subnanometeric levels, the structures of a number of key viral proteins and of the virion capsids of several dsRNA viruses, highlighting the significant parallels in the structure and replicative processes of many of these viruses.

This analysis also suggests that the dsRNA viruses are not closely related to each other but instead belong to four additional classes-Birnaviridae, Cystoviridae, Partitiviridae and Reoviridae-and one additional order ( Totiviridae ) of one of the classes of positive ssRNA viruses in the same subphylum as the positive strand RNA viruses.

Since these viruses have dsRNA genomes, replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm and the virus encodes several proteins which are needed for replication and conversion of the dsRNA genome into (+)- RNAs.

In this experiment, double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) targeting the Nfa1 sequence was introduced and subsequently expression levels of the gene product dramatically decreased.

Both TRL3 and TRL4 utilize the TRIF-dependent pathway, which is triggered by dsRNA and LPS, respectively.

For TRL3, dsRNA leads to activation of the receptor, recruiting the adaptor TRIF.

It has recently been found that dsRNA can also activate gene expression, a mechanism that has been termed " small RNA-induced gene activation " or RNAa.

Most evidence to date suggests that this is probably due to activation of the dsRNA sensor PKR, although retinoic acid-inducible gene I ( RIG-I ) may also be involved.

One molecule of the Dicer protein from Giardia intestinalis, which catalyzes the cleavage of dsRNA to siRNAs.

Dicer is an endoribonuclease in the RNase III family that cleaves double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) and pre-microRNA ( miRNA ) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) about 20-25 nucleotides long, usually with a two-base overhang on the 3 ' end.

Dicer was given its name by Emily Bernstein, a graduate student in Greg Hannon's lab at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, who first demonstrated the enzyme's dsRNA " dicing " activity.

When the Dicer, which has endonuclease activity against dsRNA and pre-miRNAs, cleaves a pre-miRNA stem-loop or a dsRNA, a 20-to 25-base-pair double-stranded RNA fragment is formed with a two-nucleotide 3 ' overhang at each end.

Plant defenses against viral infection include, among other measures, the use of siRNA in response to dsRNA.

Cystovirus is a genus of dsRNA virus that infect certain Gram-negative bacteria.

All cystoviruses are distinguished by their three strands ( analogous to chromosomes ) of dsRNA, totalling ~ 14 kb in length and their protein and lipid outer layer.

Even in mammalian systems such as Danio rerio ( zebrafish ) that usually prove intractable to all gene silencing methods, even dsRNA injection, siRNA can do the job.

It will be noted that point f has seven nearest neighbors, h and e have six, and p has only one, while the remaining points have intermediate numbers.

In any social system in which communications have an importance comparable with that of production and other human factors, a point like f in Figure 2 would ( other things being equal ) be the dwelling place for the community leader, while e and h would house the next most important citizens.

A man named Blaine Smythe, with `` y '' and `` e '' but pronounced without them, had been fired at Payne's insistence.

The family moved north across the Ohio River to free ( i. e., non-slave ) territory and made a new start in what was then Perry County but is now Spencer County, Indiana.

Altruism is a motivation to provide something of value to a party who must be anyone but oneself, while duty focuses on a moral obligation towards a specific individual ( e. g., a god, a king ), or collective ( e. g., a government ).

Pure altruism consists of sacrificing something for someone other than the self ( e. g. sacrificing time, energy or possessions ) with no expectation of any compensation or benefits, either direct, or indirect ( e. g., receiving recognition for the act of giving ).

This religion preaches the view of Ahimsa – to live and let live, thereby not harming sentient beings, i. e. uncompromising reverence for all life.

A constant concern for Allah ( i. e. God ) results in a careful attitude towards people, animals, and other things in this world.

This concept was emphasized by Sufi mystics like Rabia al-Adawiyya who paid attention to the difference between dedication to Allah ( i. e. God ) and dedication to people.

The so-called " Four Field Approach " has its origins in Boasian Anthropology, dividing the discipline in the four crucial and interrelated fields of sociocultural, biological, linguistic, and archaic anthropology ( e. g. archaeology ).

Animation can be made with either hand rendered art, computer generated imagery, or three-dimensional objects, e. g. puppets or clay figures, or a combination of techniques.

Greenberg ( 1963 ) and others considered it a subgroup of Cushitic, while others have raised doubts about it being part of Afroasiatic at all ( e. g. Theil 2006 ).

A few ( e. g. Fejervarya raja ) can inhabit brackish water and even survive ( though not thrive ) in seawater, but there are no true marine amphibians.

Several hundred frog species in adaptive radiations ( e. g., Eleutherodactylus, the Pacific Platymantines, the Australo-Papuan microhylids, and many other tropical frogs ), however, do not need any water for breeding in the wild.

Compound comparisons typically compare two sets of groups means where one set has two or more groups ( e. g., compare average group means of group A, B and C with group D ).

* One-way ANOVA is used to test for differences among two or more independent groups ( means ), e. g. different levels of urea application in a crop.

* Repeated measures ANOVA is used when the same subjects are used for each treatment ( e. g., in a longitudinal study ).

The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane ( e. g., C < sub > 2 </ sub >- alkane ).

Saturated hydrocarbons can also combine any of the linear, cyclic ( e. g., polycyclic ) and branching structures, and they are still alkanes ( no general formula ) as long as they are acyclic ( i. e., having no loops ). They also have single covalent bonds between their carbons.

In German, words starting with sch-( constituting the German phoneme ) would be intercalated between words with initial sca-and sci-( all incidentally loanwords ) instead of this graphic cluster appearing after the letter s, as though it were a single letter — a lexicographical policy which would be de rigueur in a dictionary of Albanian, i. e. dh -, ë -, gj -, ll -, rr -, th -, xh-and zh-( all representing phonemes and considered separate single letters ) would follow the letters d, e, g, l, n, r, t, x and z respectively.

Thus, although some things may be certain, they have little to do with Dasein's sense of care and existential anxiety, e. g., in the face of death.

Adventurous experiences create psychological and physiological arousal, which can be interpreted as negative ( e. g. fear ) or positive ( e. g. flow ), and which can be detrimental as stated by the Yerkes-Dodson law.