These Seven Founders constituted an intellectual and social elite, the most respectable and disinterested leadership any revolution ever confessed.

As a youngster living in poverty, along with his childhood friends, Johnson was an object of ridicule from members of higher social circles ; as such, he was commonly referred to as " poor white trash " by the elite in Raleigh.

The new industrial elite were seen by many as enemies to the social order.

Thatcher was described as " a radical in a conservative party ", and her ideology has been seen as confronting " established institutions " and the " accepted beliefs of the elite ", both concepts incompatible with the traditional conception of conservatism as signifying support for the established order and existing social convention.

As the class grew to be more of a social elite instead of a functional property-based military grouping, the Romans began to employ Italian socii for filling the ranks of their cavalry.

While Beaux stuck to her portraits of the elite, American art was advancing into urban and social subject matter, led by artists such as Robert Henri who espoused a totally different aesthetic, " Work with great speed .. Have your energies alert, up and active.

A successful planter, he was a leader in the social elite in Virginia.

One factor in the social anatomy of these governments had been the retention of a very substantial share in political power by the landed elite, the Junkers, resulting from the absence of a revolutionary breakthrough by the peasants in combination with urban areas.

Duvalier's policies, designed to end the dominance of the mulatto elite over the nation's economic and political life, led to massive emigration of educated people, deepening Haiti's economic and social problems.

Since the capital resources of the Edinburgh merchants and landholder elite were insufficient, the company appealed to middling social ranks, who responded with patriotic fervour to the call for money ; the lower classes volunteered as colonists.

In the 1820s, as part of the Romantic revival, tartan and the kilt were adopted by members of the social elite, not just in Scotland, but across Europe, prompted by the popularity of Macpherson's Ossian cycle and then Walter Scott's Waverley novels.

Painting became a common form of artistic self-expression, and during this period painters at court or amongst elite social circuits were judged and ranked by their peers.

The social world is fundamentally divided between the educated elite, following the guidance of a prophet or wise man and the uneducated masses whose beliefs are centered on magic.

The word Oxbridge may also be used pejoratively: as a descriptor of social class ( referring to the professional classes who dominated the intake of both universities at the beginning of the twentieth century ), as shorthand for an elite that " continues to dominate Britain's political and cultural establishment " while Woxbridge is seen in the name of the annual Woxbridge conference between the business schools of Warwick, Oxford and Cambridge.

Given that most French supporters of phrenology were liberal, left-wing or socialist, it was an objective of the social elite of France who held a restrained vision of social change that phrenology remain on the fringes.

Informal relationships vary: the upper classes of all ethnic backgrounds mix freely ; outside of the elite, social relations tend to remain within ethnic groupings.

He concluded that, since " physical reality " is, at bottom, a social and linguistic construct, a " liberatory science " and an " emancipatory mathematics ", spurning " the elite caste canon of ' high science '", must be established for a " postmodern science provide powerful intellectual support for the progressive political project ".

He was popular with the urban, sububan and rural poor for his populist social programs, his rule came under attack from the elite who saw danger in his parliamentary dictatorship.

The book also argues that those with high intelligence, the " cognitive elite ", are becoming separated from those of average and below-average intelligence, and that this is a dangerous social trend with the United States moving toward a more divided society similar to that in Latin America.

The Bronze Age civilization at its final period of time, displayed all its characteristic social traits: low level of urbanization, small cities centered around temples or royal palaces, strict separation of classes between an illiterate mass of peasants and craftsmen, and a powerful military elite, knowledge of writing and education reserved to a tiny minority of scribes, and pronounced aristocratic life.

The Medici family was connected to most other elite families of the time through marriages of convenience, partnerships, or employment, as a result of which the Medici family had a position of centrality in the social network: several families had systematic access to the rest of the elite families only through the Medici, perhaps similar to banking relationships.

Nasser's social status was still well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his resentment of those born into wealth and power continued to grow.

The Pritzker jury said the Pompidou " revolutionized museums, transforming what had once been elite monuments into popular places of social and cultural exchange, woven into the heart of the city.

If it were primarily a believing fellowship, it would recruit believers from all social and economic ranks, something which most congregations of the New Protestantism ( with a few notable exceptions ) have not been able to do.

Several New England realtors were invited to participate in a small colloquium of property lawyers, political scientists, economists, social psychologists, social ethicists and theologians.

This type of farmer-labour co-operation became common throughout Western Canada, leading to the creation of the short-lived Progressive Party of Canada in the 1920s, and the more durable Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( Farmer-Labour-Socialist ) in Calgary, Alberta, in 1935, precursor to Canada's modern-day social democratic party, the New Democratic Party.

He obtained funding from the Rockefeller Foundation in New York and founded the 6th Section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, which was devoted to the study of history and the social sciences.

* The various ethnicities originating from early social factors of Race in the United States and the gastronomy and cuisines of the “ New World ,” Latin American cuisine and North American cuisine:

His book, In Fifty Years We'll All Be Chicks, debuted on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2010, and his second book Not Taco Bell Material also reached New York Times bestseller status and received widespread acclaim for its cutting social commentary and humor.

The club was founded on September 23, 1845, as a social club for the upper middle classes of New York City, and was strictly amateur until it disbanded.

By the early 20th century the Liberals stance began to shift towards " New Liberalism ", what would today be called social liberalism: a belief in personal liberty with a support for government intervention to provide minimum levels of welfare.

Cahill suggests that the social structure engineered by colonial Spaniards, with limpieza de sangre, in South America and New Spain, one based on race, ethnicity and economic condition was a caste system.

In recent years, the social democratic New Democratic Party ( NDP ) has made significant inroads both federally and provincially in the region.

An area within the region where both fiscal and social conservatism do coincide and where the federal Reform Party and Canadian Alliance have met success is in the central-western part of New Brunswick, in the St. John River valley north of Saint John and south of Grand Falls.

An admirer of Britain's New Liberal philosophy, Hughes campaigned on a platform to improve the state of New York's standard of living by moving it away from laissez-faire tradition and enacting social reforms similar to that which had been enacted in Britain.

This part of New York was in the so-called " Burnt Over District ," which earlier in the 19th century had generated much religious excitement, including the beginnings of Mormonism, and social causes, such as abolitionism and support for the Underground Railroad.

The World State in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Airstrip One in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty Four are both fictional examples of command economies, albeit with diametrically opposed aims: The former is a consumer economy designed to engender productivity while the latter is a shortage economy designed as an agent of totalitarian social control.

Pare Lorentz's The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) and The River ( 1938 ) and Willard Van Dyke's The City ( 1939 ) are notable New Deal productions, each presenting complex combinations of social and ecological awareness, government propaganda, and leftist viewpoints.

To New Yorkers of his generation, a " Damon Runyon character " evoked a distinctive social type from the Brooklyn or Midtown demi-monde.

After settling in New York Edward Sapir was raised mostly by his mother, who stressed the importance of education for the upwardly social mobile, and turned the family increasingly away from Judaism.

With Saville and others, he set up the New Reasoner, a journal that sought to develop a democratic socialist alternative to what its editors considered the ossified official Marxism of the Communist and Trotskyist parties and the managerialist cold war social democracy of the Labour Party and its international allies.

* H. L. Kaye, The social meaning of modern biology 1987, New Haven, CT Yale University Press.

New theories of social and political psychology also rejected the notion of human behaviour being governed by rational choice, and instead claimed that emotion was more influential in political issues than reason.

The Goddess movement is a loose grouping of social and religious phenomena growing out of second-wave feminism, predominantly in North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand in the 1970s, and the metaphysical community as well.

Nineteen Eighty-Four is often compared to Brave New World by Aldous Huxley ; both are powerful dystopian novels warning of a future world where the state machine exerts complete control over social life.