With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

Beyliks and other states around Anatolia, c. 1300.

* Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel ( c. 1250 – 1300 )

Japanese painting, c. 1300.

The second set – from the later Shang or Yin ( 殷 ) period – is at Anyang, in modern-day Henan, which has been confirmed as the last of the Shang's nine capitals ( c. 1300 – 1046 BC ).

** Cursor Mundi by an anonymous cleric ( c. 1300 )

The pyramid remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3, 800 years, unsurpassed until the 160-metre-tall spire of Lincoln Cathedral was completed c. 1300.

One remarkable commentary of Herodotus on Heracles is that he lived 900 years before himself ( c. 1300 BCE ).

The Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3300 to 1300 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, was the first major civilization in South Asia.

A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300.

Merlin the wizard, c. 1300

* Old Norse, a North Germanic language in use from c. AD 800 to c. AD 1300

With the demise of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ( c. 1300 ), Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent states, the so-called Ghazi emirates.

From the Latin pax, meaning " freedom from civil disorder ," the English word came into use in various personal greetings from c. 1300 as a translation of the Hebrew shalom.

Other Italian poets of the time, including Dante Alighieri ( 1265 – 1321 ) and Guido Cavalcanti ( c. 1250 – 1300 ) wrote sonnets, but the most famous early sonneteer was Petrarca ( known in English as Petrarch ).

Southeast Asia c. 1300 CE, showing Khmer Empire in red, Lavo kingdom in light blue, Sukhothai Kingdom | Sukhothai empire in orange, Champa in yellow, Dai Viet in blue and Kingdom of Lanna in purple.

* Guillaume de Machaut, French composer and poet ( c. 1300 – 1377 ).

A faience sculpture, from the New Kingdom of Egypt, 18th / 19th dynasty, c. 1500 – 1300 BC, when hippos were still widespread along the Nile

* Elizabeth of Sicily ( 1261 – c. 1300 ), married bef.

* c. 1300 BC: Cecrops II, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Pandion II.

* c. 1300 BC: Rise of the Urnfield culture.

Sample of a Book of the Dead of the scribe Nebqed, c. 1300 BC.

* c. 1300 BC — Rise of the Urnfield culture.

* c. 1300 BC — 1312 BC — the revelation of the Torah to Moses occurred.

This would make it a language family about as old as Indo-European ( 4000 to 7, 000 BC according to several hypotheses cited in Mallory 1997: 106 ) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic ( c. 10, 000 BC according to Diakonoff 1988: 33n, 11, 000 to 16, 000 BC according to Ehret 2002: 35 – 36 ).

Before that time, at the peak of the last ice age ( c. 16, 000 BC ) sea levels everywhere were 130 metres lower, and there were large well-watered coastal plains instead of much of the northern Aegean.

The present coastal arrangement appeared c. 7000 BC, with post-ice age sea levels continuing to rise for another 3, 000 years after that.

The Dying Gaul c. 230 BC, a Roman copy of a Greek statue commemorating the victory over the Celtic Galatia ns in Anatolia.

Map of ancient Egypt, showing major cities and sites of the Dynastic period ( c. 3150 BC to 30 BC )

** Xun Zi ( c. 312 BC – 230 BC )

** Gongsun Long ( c. 325 BC – c. 250 BC )

** Sunzi ( c. 500 BC )

: Anaximenes of Miletus ( c. 585-c. 525 BC )