[permalink] [id link]
The Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3300 to 1300 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, was the first major civilization in South Asia.
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
Indus and Valley
Boats played a very important part in the commerce between the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia.
Evidence of varying models of boats has also been discovered in various Indus Valley sites.
Other more recent findings, dated between 7, 000 and 6, 395 BC, come from Jericho, Catal Hüyük, and the ancient Indus Valley cities of Buhen, Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, and Mehrgarh.
Ceramic, or fired brick was used as early as 4500 BC in early Indus Valley cities.
The Bronze Age on the Indian subcontinent began around 3300 BC with the beginning of the Indus Valley civilization.
Inhabitants of the Indus Valley, the Harappans, developed new techniques in metallurgy and produced copper, bronze, lead and tin.
Fifteen centuries earlier, the Indus Valley Civilization was using grids in such cities as Mohenjo-Daro.
Extent and major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization of ancient India
Mohenjo-daro, a World Heritage site that was part of the Indus Valley Civilization.
The Indus Valley Civilization and ancient China are two other areas with major indigenous urban traditions.
Among the early Old World cities, Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in present-day Pakistan, existing from about 2600 BC, was one of the largest, with a population of 50, 000 or more.
The Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient India, ( circa 2600 BC ) had sophisticated irrigation and storage systems developed, including the reservoirs built at Girnar in 3000 BC.
The oldest known structures which have served as citadels were built by the Indus Valley Civilization, where the citadel represented a centralised authority.
The main citadel in Indus Valley was almost 12 meters tall.
The dry bed of the Hakra River runs through the area, along which many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found.
As mentioned above, the Indus Valley has always been occupied by the wandering nomadic tribes, who are fond of isolated areas, as such areas allow them to lead life free of foreign intrusion, enabling them to establish their own individual and unique cultures.
The Cemetery H culture developed out of the northern part of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1700 BCE, in and around western Punjab region located in present-day India and Pakistan.
The Cemetery H culture is part of the Punjab Phase, one of three cultural phases that developed in the Localization Era of the Indus Valley Tradition.
* Indus Valley Tradition
It has been suggested that a seal from bronze age India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization and referred to as Pashupati resembled Cernunnos.
A seal discovered during excavation of the Mohenjodaro archaeological site in the Indus Valley ( 2900BC-1900BC ) has drawn attention as a possible representation of a " yogi " or " proto-Shiva " figure.
Other excavations from ancient tombs in the Indus Valley civilization indicate a South Asian origin.
The earliest recorded beginnings of geometry can be traced to early peoples, who discovered obtuse triangles in the ancient Indus Valley ( see Harappan Mathematics ), and ancient Babylonia ( see Babylonian mathematics ) from around 3000 BC.
Parallel developments were meanwhile occurring in Egypt, which by the 32nd century BC had been unified to form the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and amongst the peoples of the Indus Valley in north-western India.
Babylonia was conquered by the Kassites, and the civilization of the Indus Valley was on decline probably due to climate.
Indus and Civilization
The Indus Civilization was the earliest center of ceramics, and thus the pottery of Cholistan has a long history.
According to Parpola, ceramic similarities between the Indus Civilization, southern Turkmenistan, and northern Iran during 4300 – 3300 BC of the Chalcolithic period ( Copper Age ) suggest considerable mobility and trade.
Early inhabitants, around 3000 BC were likely to have been connected through culture and trade to neighboring civilizations like Jiroft and Tappeh Sialk and more distantly to the Indus Valley Civilization.
Urban civilization may have begun as early as 3000 BC, and it is possible that the early city of Mundigak ( near Kandahar ) was a colony of the nearby Indus Valley Civilization.
The Indus Valley Civilization ( IVC ) was a Bronze Age civilization ( 3300 – 1300 BCE ; mature period 2600 – 1900 BCE ) which was centred mostly in the western part of the Indian Subcontinent, considered as early form of Hinduism performed during this civilization.
# REDIRECT Indus Valley Civilization
The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization, centered in Sindh and the Punjab.
The Indus Valley Civilization ( also known as Harappan culture ) has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BCE.
Harappa, Indus Valley Civilization
The chert weights and measures of the Indus Valley Civilization, on the other hand, were highly standardized, and conform to a set scale of gradations.
The ascription of Indus Valley Civilization iconography and epigraphy to historically known cultures is extremely problematic, in part due to the rather tenuous archaeological evidence of such claims, as well as the projection of modern South Asian political concerns onto the archaeological record of the area.
# redirect Indus Valley Civilization
* Dholavira-Located in Gujarat, India Indus Valley Civilization city.
Indus and which
During the 7th millennium BC, the northern half of Chad was part of a broad expanse of land, stretching from the Indus River in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, in which ecological conditions favored early human settlement.
The land inhabited by the Afghan tribes ( i. e. ancestors of Pashtuns ) was called Afghanistan, which loosely covered a wide area between the Hindu Kush and the Indus River, principally around the Sulaiman Mountains.
The world's earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia ( beginning with Sumer ), ancient Egypt, and the Indian subcontinent ( beginning with the Indus Valley civilization ), which began along the valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, Nile and Indus rivers respectively, all developed around the Indian Ocean.
" It was from here that Babur began his 1526 conquest of Hindustan, which began east of the Indus River that was ruled by the Afghan Lodi dynasty at the time.
He wished to know where the " Indus ( which is the only river save one that produces crocodiles ) emptied itself into the sea ".
After Alexander's untimely death in 323 BC, his Diadochi ( generals ) divided the empire among themselves, with the Macedonian warlord Seleucus setting up the Seleucid Kingdom, which included the Indus plain.
South of the northern highlands and west of the Indus River plain are the Safed Koh Range along the Afghanistan border and the Sulaiman Range and Kirthar Range, which define the western extent of the province of Sindh and reach almost to the southern coast.
The name Indus comes from the Sanskrit word sindhu, meaning ocean, from which also come the words Sindh, Hindu, and India.
The Indus, one of the great rivers of the world, rises in southwestern Tibet only about 160 kilometres west of the source of the Sutlej River, which joins the Indus in Punjab, and the Brahmaputra, which runs eastward before turning southwest and flowing through Bangladesh.
Pakistan is subject to frequent earthquakes which are often severe ( especially in north and west ) and severe flooding along the Indus after heavy rains ( July and August ).
Turkmenistan was a passing point for numerous migrations and invasions by tribes which gravitated towards the settled regions of the south including ancient Mesopotamia, Elam, and the Indus Valley Civilization.
In this scenario, geological changes diverted the Sutlej towards the Indus and the Yamuna towards the Ganges, following which the river did not have enough water to reach the sea any more and dried up in the Thar desert.
Cotton cultivation became more widespread during the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered a huge swath of the northwestern part of the South Asia, comprising today parts of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India.
Heyerdahl built yet another reed boat, Tigris, which was intended to demonstrate that trade and migration could have linked Mesopotamia with the Indus Valley Civilization in what is now modern-day Pakistan.
* The western rivers combine into the Indus Basin, of which the Indus River is the largest.
0.400 seconds.