About a thousand years after that, when the Roman Empire was divided, it became capital of the Eastern section.

Nevertheless, it remained one of the most splendid churches of the Eastern Empire, where the Byzantine Emperors were crowned.

Most historians, including Edward Gibbon, date the defeat at Manzikert as the beginning of the end of the Eastern Roman Empire.

* 313 – Battle of Tzirallum: Emperor Licinius defeats Maximinus II and unifies the Eastern Roman Empire.

In Western philosophy, the spread of Christianity through the Roman Empire marked the ending of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy, whereas in Eastern philosophy, the spread of Islam through the Arab Empire marked the end of Old Iranian philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of early Islamic philosophy.

During this persecution many bishops were exiled to the other ends of the Empire, ( e. g., St Hilary of Poitiers to the Eastern provinces ).

It was not until the co-reigns of Gratian and Theodosius that Arianism was effectively wiped out among the ruling class and elite of the Eastern Empire.

His father declared him an Augustus and co-ruler for the Eastern half of the Empire in January, 383.

In the Middle Ages, regicide was rare in Western Europe, but it was a recurring theme in the Eastern Roman Empire.

* Cisplatine War ( 1825 – 1828 ): Armed conflict over an area known as Banda Oriental or " Eastern Shore " between the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and Empire of Brazil in the aftermath of the United Provinces ' emancipation from Spain.

The strategic significance of the strait was one of the factors in the decision of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great to found there in AD 330 his new capital, Constantinople, which came to be known as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

It remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, which is called the Byzantine Empire by modern historians.

Serbia had gained substantial territory during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877 – 1878, while Greece acquired Thessaly in 1881 ( although it lost a small area back to the Ottoman Empire in 1897 ) and Bulgaria ( an autonomous principality since 1878 ) incorporated the formerly distinct province of Eastern Rumelia ( 1885 ).

Throughout the 19th century, the Great Powers shared different aims over the " Eastern Question " and the integrity of the Ottoman Empire.

They operated under a series of laws that were added from time to time, but Roman law was never reorganised into a single code until the Codex Theodosianus ( AD 438 ); later, in the Eastern Empire the Codex repetitæ prælectionis ( 534 ) was highly influential throughout Europe.

Cities essentially disappeared, earliest in Roman Britain and Germania and latest in the Eastern Roman Empire and Visigothic Spain.

Constantinople (, Κωνσταντινούπολη-Konstantinoúpolis, Konstantinoúpoli ; ;-Kostantiniyye ; and modern ) was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin and the Ottoman Empire.

At the western entrance to the Augustaeum was the Milion, a vaulted monument from which distances were measured across the Eastern Roman Empire.

Constantinople was the largest and richest urban center in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the late Eastern Roman Empire, mostly as a result of its strategic position commanding the trade routes between the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.

* Constantinople, as seen under the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II, makes several on-screen appearances in the television miniseries " Attila " as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

* Constantinople makes an appearance in the " Rome Total War " expansion " Barbarian Invasion " belonging to the Eastern Roman Empire

Most alphabetic scripts of India and Eastern Asia are descended from the Brahmi script, which is often believed to be a descendant of Aramaic.

Buildings made of sun-dried earth are common in West Asia, North Africa, West Africa, South America, southwestern North America, Spain ( usually in the Mudéjar style ), Eastern Europe and East Anglia, particularly Norfolk, known as ' clay lump.

The Aramaic alphabet is historically significant, since virtually all modern Middle Eastern writing systems use a script that can be traced back to it, as well as numerous non-Chinese writing systems of Central and East Asia.

Relics of an abundant flora occur as inclusions trapped within the amber while the resin was yet fresh, suggesting relations with the flora of Eastern Asia and the southern part of North America.

Although colour change in leaves occurs wherever deciduous trees are found, coloured autumn foliage is noted in various regions of the world: most of Anglo-America, Eastern Asia ( including China, Korea, and Japan ), Europe, parts of Australia and New Zealand.

In West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean early copper zinc alloys are now known in small numbers from a number of third Millennium BC sites in the Aegean, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Kalmykia, Turkmenistan and Georgia and from 2nd Millennium BC sites in West India, Uzbekistan, Iran, Syria, Iraq and Israel.

Originally invented in the 1980s in the Eastern Asia region, bubble tea has since become popular in Australia, USA and Europe.

Eastern Christians of eastern Europe and western Asia used for a long time the Julian Calendar, that of the old Orthodox church, in countries like Russia.

More recently, although Russia and Eastern Europe remain the most important investment destinations, there have been increasing investment flows from the West through Cyprus into Asia ( particularly China and India ), South America and the Middle East.

Currently, the Convention's priority activities include review and possible revision of its most recent protocols, implementation of the Convention and its protocols across the entire UNECE region ( with special focus on Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia and South-East Europe ) and sharing its knowledge and information with other regions of the world.

During pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Central Asia was a predominantly Iranian region that included the sedentary Eastern Iranic speaking Bactrians, Sogdians and Chorasmians, and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Alans.

The Emperor Valens reacted strongly, exiling him to Eastern Asia Minor.

All Christian monasticism stems, either directly or indirectly, from the Egyptian example: Saint Basil the Great Archbishop of Caesaria of Cappadocia, founder and organizer of the monastic movement in Asia Minor, visited Egypt around AD 357 and his rule is followed by the Eastern Orthodox Churches ; Saint Jerome who translated the Bible into Latin, came to Egypt, while en route to Jerusalem, around AD 400 and left details of his experiences in his letters ; Benedict founded the Benedictine Order in the 6th century on the model of Saint Pachomius, but in a stricter form.

Eastern variants of Gupta called Nāgarī are first attested from the 8th century CE ; from c. 1200 CE these gradually replaced Siddham, which survived as a vehicle for Tantric Buddhism in East Asia, and Sharada, which remained in parallel use in Kashmir.

* Russian in Eastern Europe and Central Asia from the Second World War to the break-up of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact.

Several other ancient churches in Eastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa also use Orthodox, but are distinct from the Orthodox Church as described in this article.

The latter is often called the Eastern order because Europeans are most familiar with the examples from East Asia, specifically China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam.

Greece owns one Telecommunications Satellite, named Hellas-sat, which provides telecommunication services in a major part of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

Their descendants, or successors with similar names, are recorded by neighbouring populations to the south, east, and west as having occupied parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia approximately from the 4th century to the 6th century.

Various types of hammered dulcimers are traditionally played in India, Iran, Southwest Asia, China, and parts of Southeast Asia, Central Europe ( Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic, Switzerland ( particularly Appenzell ), Austria and Bavaria ), the Balkans, Eastern Europe ( Ukraine and Belarus ) and Scandinavia.

He and his grandson, Kublai Khan, controlled lands in China, Burma, Central Asia, Russia, Iran, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.

The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology and the remaining three most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten: North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa, Middle East and South Asia, South East Asia, the Pacific, and the Far East.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, political movements based on the liberal ideology of free expression and democratic rule have led the opposition in other parts of the world such as Latin America, Eastern Europe and many parts of Asia ; however " the simple fact is that political Islam currently reigns as the most powerful ideological force across the Muslim world today ".