A 19th-century depiction of Galileo before the Holy Office, by Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury

A 19th-century depiction of the Acre's surrender to Philip Augustus in 1191

19th-century depiction of Richard leaving the Holy Land

Although Lermontov's depiction of the Georgian queen as a destructive seductress had no apparent historical background, it has been influential enough to raise the issue of Tamar's sexuality, a question that was given some prominence by the 19th-century European authors.

In the 19th-century depiction by James William Edmund Doyle, Edward the Martyr is offered a cup of mead by Ælfthryth, widow of the late Edgar, unaware that her attendant is about to murder him.

19th-century depiction of a session of Alþingi

Le vanneur ( The Winnower ) by Jean-François Millet, a 19th-century depiction of winnowing by fan

The castle's 15th-century gatehouse, in a 19th-century depiction by an unknown artist, with new inmates arriving at the castle when it was used as a prison.

A 19th-century depiction of ball lightning

19th-century depiction of " doggy style ", by Édouard-Henri Avril | Paul Avril

English: ' Christmas Comes But Once A Year ' ( Victorian depiction of early 19th-century Christmas celebration, with servant carrying pudding to dining table ).

A late 19th-century depiction of fugitive slaves in the Great Dismal Swamp

A 19th-century depiction of the castle

being intellectually influenced by Newman and the general 19th-century literature of England, I knew only a Protestant-dominated country.

19th-century engraving by Thomas Allom.

Their accuracy has been called into question, however ( e. g., by Chauncey Brewster Tinker in The Translations of Beowulf, a comprehensive survey of 19th-century translations and editions of Beowulf ), and the extent to which the manuscript was actually more readable in Thorkelin's time is unclear.

Bragi is shown with a harp and accompanied by his wife Iðunn in this 19th-century painting by Nils Blommér.

The Bahá ' í Faith () is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá ' u ' lláh in 19th-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind.

It has also been suggested that 19th-century bunyip lore was reinforced by imported European memories, such as that of the Irish Púca.

The game was viewed as a rather innocuous pastime – unlike the perception that diversions such as card playing or dancing were considered " works of the Devil " as held by many 19th-century Protestant groups.

Others believe it was a corrupted term of " Chilango ", meaning an inhabitant from Mexico City or Central Mexico ( i. e. the highland states of Mexico ( state ), Jalisco, Puebla ( state ) and Michoacán ); and even from the term " Chileno " by the Chilean presence in mid 19th-century California, when miners from Chile arrived in the California Gold Rush ( 1848 – 51 ).

An animated cartoon horse, drawn by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos.

The other castes were similarly further sub-classified by these 19th-century and early-20th-century ethnographers based on numerous criteria ranging from profession, endogamy or exogamy or polygamy, and a host of other factors in a manner similar to castas in Spanish colonies such as Mexico, and caste system studies in British colonies such as India.

Some 19th-century or earlier experimental engines used external flames, exposed by valves, for ignition, but this becomes less attractive with increasing compression.

The French bow was not widely popular until its adoption by 19th-century virtuoso Giovanni Bottesini.

Conversion of the Paravar s by Francis Xavier in Old Goa | Goa, in a 19th-century colored lithograph.

The Great Man Theory is a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of " great men ", or heroes: highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or political skill utilized their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact.

The piece was an extravaganza in which the classical Greek gods, grown elderly, are temporarily replaced by a troupe of 19th-century actors and actresses, one of whom is the eponymous Thespis, the Greek father of the drama.

The modern sophisticated instrument spanning 6½ octaves in virtually all keys was perfected by the 19th-century French maker Sébastien Érard and because of its pedal-driven ability to play all sharps and flats of all notes within its range, it continues today as the standard style of most large professional concert harps.

Ibn Battuta in Egypt, a 19th-century lithograph by Léon Benett

Karate was developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom prior to its 19th-century annexation by Japan.

The Kalevala () is a 19th-century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Finnish and Karelian oral folklore and mythology.

It was only in the 19th-century Victorian era that the system of named tartans known today began to be systematically recorded and formalized, mostly by weaving companies for mercantile purposes.

The laws of inheritance were derived by Gregor Mendel, a 19th-century Austrian priest-monk conducting hybridization experiments in garden peas ( Pisum sativum ).

A major block to understanding their significance was the importance attached by 19th-century biologists to the apparent blending of inherited traits in the overall appearance of the progeny, now known to be due to multigene interactions, in contrast to the organ-specific binary characters studied by Mendel.

Bloch's methodology was also greatly influenced by his father, Gustave Bloch, a historian of the ancient world, and by 19th-century scholars such as Gabriel Monod, Ernest Renan, and Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges.

Some 19th-century classical liberals, notably Gustave de Molinari and Frédéric Bastiat, were known advocates of an emergent society and wrote about the concepts in detail.

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877 ) was a French painter who led the Realist movement in 19th-century French painting.

Bluebeard, his wife, and the magical key in a 19th-century illustration by Gustave Doré

The idea of a " group mind " or " mob behavior " was first put forward by 19th-century French social psychologists Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon.

Gustave Doré's 19th-century engraving depicted the dirty, overcrowded slums where the industrial workers of London lived.