A 19th-century depiction of the Acre's surrender to Philip Augustus in 1191

19th-century depiction of Richard leaving the Holy Land

19th-century depiction of a victorious Saladin, by Gustave Doré.

Although Lermontov's depiction of the Georgian queen as a destructive seductress had no apparent historical background, it has been influential enough to raise the issue of Tamar's sexuality, a question that was given some prominence by the 19th-century European authors.

In the 19th-century depiction by James William Edmund Doyle, Edward the Martyr is offered a cup of mead by Ælfthryth, widow of the late Edgar, unaware that her attendant is about to murder him.

19th-century depiction of a session of Alþingi

Le vanneur ( The Winnower ) by Jean-François Millet, a 19th-century depiction of winnowing by fan

The castle's 15th-century gatehouse, in a 19th-century depiction by an unknown artist, with new inmates arriving at the castle when it was used as a prison.

A 19th-century depiction of ball lightning

19th-century depiction of " doggy style ", by Édouard-Henri Avril | Paul Avril

English: ' Christmas Comes But Once A Year ' ( Victorian depiction of early 19th-century Christmas celebration, with servant carrying pudding to dining table ).

A late 19th-century depiction of fugitive slaves in the Great Dismal Swamp

A 19th-century depiction of the castle

Though William's complicity in the lynching has never been proved ( and some 19th-century Dutch historians have made an effort to disprove that he was an accessory before the fact ) he thwarted attempts to prosecute the ringleaders, and even rewarded some, like Hendrik Verhoeff, with money, and others, like Johan van Banchem and Johan Kievit, with high offices.

Stothard's images are still of value as a record of the tapestry as it was before 19th-century restoration.

It is strongly implied, however, that the story actually takes place before Drusilla is sired, and the parts of it set in the modern day are actually a premonition in the human, 19th-century Drusilla's mind.

The one exception is the United States Solicitor General and other U. S. Department of Justice attorneys, who traditionally argue before the U. S. Supreme Court in 19th-century morning dress.

The Attawandaron, or Neutral Nation, lived in the Grand River valley area before the 17th century ; their main village and seat of the chief, Kandoucho, was identified by 19th-century historians as having been located on the Grand River where Brantford lies today.

Sarah " Saartjie " Baartman ( before 1790 – 29 December 1815 ) ( also spelled Bartman, Bartmann, Baartmen ) was the most famous of at least two Khoikhoi women who were exhibited as freak show attractions in 19th-century Europe under the name Hottentot Venus —" Hottentot " as the then-current name for the Khoi people, now considered an offensive term, and " Venus " in reference to the Roman goddess of love.

Called D, the film focuses on the 19th-century Dreyfus Affair, in which one of the few Jewish members of the French Army general staff was unjustly convicted of passing secrets to the Germans and sent to Devil's Island, before finally being cleared 12 years later.

Leaving Perth it passes Scone Palace, ancient coronation site of Scottish kings and now home to Britain's most northerly racecourse, continues through the planned 19th-century village of Guildtown before crossing the River Isla and passing the famous Meikleour Beech Hedge, planted to commemorate the 1715 Jacobite Rebellion and now the tallest and longest hedge in the world.

The term derives from Franz Reuleaux, a 19th-century German engineer who did pioneering work on ways that machines translate one type of motion into another, although the concept was known before his time.

" While Roberts did argue before the Supreme Court that a 19th-century statute directed against the Ku Klux Klan did not apply to those protesting outside abortion clinics, the case in question occurred almost seven years before the bombing pictured in the ad and was entirely unrelated to clinic bombings.

In the 19th-century ( and before ) British Army, regiments of infantry raised several battalions, which were often deployed separately.

Lord Saye and Sele brought before Jack Cade 4th July 1450, 19th-century painting by Charles Lucy

Barbara Hambly's Star Trek novel Ishmael has Spock travelling back to the time and place of Here Come the Brides after discovering a Klingon plot to destroy the Federation by killing Aaron Stempel ( spelled " Stemple " in the book ) before he could thwart an attempted 19th-century alien invasion of Earth.

The popularity of landscapes in the Netherlands was in part a reflection of the virtual disappearance of religious painting in a Calvinist society, and the decline of religious painting in the 18th and 19th centuries all over Europe combined with Romanticism to give landscapes a much greater and more prestigious place in 19th-century art than they had assumed before.

Wingate is a former pit village with a mixture of 19th-century, post-war, and more recent housing developments, it was originally enhabited by around 30 farmers before 1839 when coal was discovered.

Its name dates back to the late 19th-century, before which the city was locally known as " Deir Mar Jiryis " or " Deir al-Khidr " and " Deir Darum " in Ottoman records.

Cyrano de Bergerac ( made famous by Edmond Rostand's 19th-century play ) wrote two novels which, 60 years before Gulliver's Travels or Voltaire ( or science fiction ), use a journey to magical lands ( the moon and the sun ) as pretexts for satirizing contemporary philosophy and morals.

From the perspective of 19th-century cosmology ( and before ), the universe was infinite, unchanging, homogeneous, and therefore filled with stars.

From the middle 19th-century into the early 20th-century, Marie was a popular first name for both men or women, however, before and after this period it has been almost exclusively given to women.

Kaiser Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor | Otto I and his wife Edith arrive near Magdeburg, in a 19th-century painting

In the 19th-century monasticism was revived in the Church of England, leading to the foundation of such institutions as the House of the Resurrection, Mirfield ( Community of the Resurrection ), Nashdom Abbey ( Benedictine ), Cleeve Priory ( Community of the Glorious Ascension ) and Ewell Monastery ( Cistercian ), Benedictine orders, Franciscan orders and the Orders of the Holy Cross, Order of St. Helena.

The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism.

** During the Third Republic in 19th-century France, citizens were routinely divided between clericals and anticlericals because of long-lasting loyalty related conflicts between the French secularist government and the Holy See.

Styles found in other countries sometimes associated with the German New Simplicity movement include the so-called " Holy Minimalism " of the Pole Henryk Górecki and the Estonian Arvo Pärt ( in their works after 1970 ), as well as Englishman John Tavener, who unlike the New Simplicity composers have turned back to Medieval and Renaissance models, however, rather than to 19th-century romanticism for inspiration.

Mary Dixon Kies ( March 21, 1752 – 1837 ) was an early 19th-century American who was the first recipient of a patent granted to a woman by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, on May 5, 1809, which was for a technique of weaving straw with silk and thread.

After 35 years as a working model of a 19th-century post office and general store, the historic Headsville Post Office shut its doors when the museum was closed for renovation in 2006, and plans were made to reopen it at the American Philatelic Center in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, headquarters of the American Philatelic Society.

being intellectually influenced by Newman and the general 19th-century literature of England, I knew only a Protestant-dominated country.

19th-century engraving by Thomas Allom.

Their accuracy has been called into question, however ( e. g., by Chauncey Brewster Tinker in The Translations of Beowulf, a comprehensive survey of 19th-century translations and editions of Beowulf ), and the extent to which the manuscript was actually more readable in Thorkelin's time is unclear.

Bragi is shown with a harp and accompanied by his wife Iðunn in this 19th-century painting by Nils Blommér.

The Bahá ' í Faith () is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá ' u ' lláh in 19th-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind.

It has also been suggested that 19th-century bunyip lore was reinforced by imported European memories, such as that of the Irish Púca.

The game was viewed as a rather innocuous pastime – unlike the perception that diversions such as card playing or dancing were considered " works of the Devil " as held by many 19th-century Protestant groups.

Others believe it was a corrupted term of " Chilango ", meaning an inhabitant from Mexico City or Central Mexico ( i. e. the highland states of Mexico ( state ), Jalisco, Puebla ( state ) and Michoacán ); and even from the term " Chileno " by the Chilean presence in mid 19th-century California, when miners from Chile arrived in the California Gold Rush ( 1848 – 51 ).

An animated cartoon horse, drawn by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos.

The other castes were similarly further sub-classified by these 19th-century and early-20th-century ethnographers based on numerous criteria ranging from profession, endogamy or exogamy or polygamy, and a host of other factors in a manner similar to castas in Spanish colonies such as Mexico, and caste system studies in British colonies such as India.

Some 19th-century or earlier experimental engines used external flames, exposed by valves, for ignition, but this becomes less attractive with increasing compression.

The French bow was not widely popular until its adoption by 19th-century virtuoso Giovanni Bottesini.

Conversion of the Paravar s by Francis Xavier in Old Goa | Goa, in a 19th-century colored lithograph.

The Great Man Theory is a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of " great men ", or heroes: highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or political skill utilized their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact.

The piece was an extravaganza in which the classical Greek gods, grown elderly, are temporarily replaced by a troupe of 19th-century actors and actresses, one of whom is the eponymous Thespis, the Greek father of the drama.

The modern sophisticated instrument spanning 6½ octaves in virtually all keys was perfected by the 19th-century French maker Sébastien Érard and because of its pedal-driven ability to play all sharps and flats of all notes within its range, it continues today as the standard style of most large professional concert harps.

Ibn Battuta in Egypt, a 19th-century lithograph by Léon Benett

Karate was developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom prior to its 19th-century annexation by Japan.

The Kalevala () is a 19th-century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Finnish and Karelian oral folklore and mythology.

It was only in the 19th-century Victorian era that the system of named tartans known today began to be systematically recorded and formalized, mostly by weaving companies for mercantile purposes.

The laws of inheritance were derived by Gregor Mendel, a 19th-century Austrian priest-monk conducting hybridization experiments in garden peas ( Pisum sativum ).

A major block to understanding their significance was the importance attached by 19th-century biologists to the apparent blending of inherited traits in the overall appearance of the progeny, now known to be due to multigene interactions, in contrast to the organ-specific binary characters studied by Mendel.