* A closed shop ( US ) or a " pre-entry closed shop " ( UK ) employs only people who are already union members.

The compulsory hiring hall is an example of a closed shop — in this case the employer must recruit directly from the union, as well as the employee working strictly for unionized employers.

* A union shop ( US ) or a " post-entry closed shop " ( UK ) employs non-union workers as well, but sets a time limit within which new employees must join a union.

In the United States, the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 outlawed the closed shop.

' – their answer was that he was – after Norman Tebbit accused him of ' undiluted fascism ' once Foot said that the Ferrybridge Six deserved dismissal for defying a closed shop.

Since then, former next-door neighbor RKO closed up shop in 1957 ; Warner Bros. ( whose old Sunset Boulevard studio was sold to Paramount in 1949 as a home for KTLA ) moved to Burbank in 1930 ; Columbia joined Warners in Burbank in 1973 then moved again to Culver City in 1989 ; and the Pickford-Fairbanks-Goldwyn-United Artists lot, after a lively history, has been turned into a post-production and music-scoring facility for Warners, known simply as " The Lot ".

After Francis Xavier de Yrissari's death, Matheson wound up the firm's affairs and closed shop.

However, according to an article by former Space Shuttle program Director Wayne Hale on his official NASA blog, the space shuttle program, in preparation for the 2010 shutdown, has already terminated many specialty parts and materials contracts, many with small businesses whose only customer may have been the shuttle program and who closed shop and retired upon receiving their termination letters ; as a result, it would be difficult and expensive at this point to extend the shuttle program, and there would be a lag of at least a year ( without flights ) before exhausted exotic parts and supplies could be replaced.

In November 1947, in anticipation of the UN partition vote, the Ezra family closed its shop and left the city.

In the spring of 1926, Trumbauer closed up shop in St. Louis and, with Beiderbecke, moved to Detroit, this time to play with Goldkette's headline ensemble.

For example, individual members of a union may wish a wage higher than the union-negotiated wage, but are prevented from making further requests ; in a so-called closed shop which has a union security agreement, only the union has a right to decide matters for the individual union members such as wage rates.

Unlike the old record company studios, which were effectively a " closed shop ", these new studios could be hired by the hour by anyone who could afford to do so.

In 1975, six men ( the ' Ferrybridge Six ') were dismissed from their jobs because of the introduction of a closed shop and were denied unemployment benefit.

In " Husbands and Knives ", the store was finally closed due to bankruptcy when a rival comic book shop opened up ( whose owner had significantly better customer service ), and Marge bought the land in order to open up " Shapes ", a gym for regular women, on its former site.

Telenor Comoyo offers Internet one stop shop for consumers on all devices and is currently working towards a closed beta that will be launched early summer 2011.

From 1999 to 2003 there was also a shop in the exclusive London district of Belgravia, but it was not successful and closed down.

The chip shop has since been closed down.

It is a small village, consisting of a main road ( Rushmore Hill ) on which is situated a school, a village shop ( the post office was closed as part of the widespread branch closures of June 2008 ) and the Bulls Head pub, two small churches and a few side roads.

The Old Koffi Pot closed in 2009 for ' economic reasons ', but a modern coffee shop has since opened in its place retaining the name The Koffi Shop but a brand new black frontage and interior decor have abruptly erased any historical link with the original establishment.

At the southern end of Upper Street is a former tram shed that closed in 1979 and which is currently a Jack Wills shop.

" General Products had closed shop.

At that point we reach the `` closed '' historical situation: the situation in which man is no longer free to return to a status quo ante.

And to do this requires first of all the kind of information about people which is provided by the scientists in industrial anthropology and consumer research, who, for example, tell Courtenay that three days is the `` optimum priming period for a closed social circuit to be triggered with a catalytic cue-phrase '' -- which means that an effective propaganda technique is to send an idea into circulation and then three days later reinforce or undermine it.

`` Although it is not the best of which he is capable '', said Shelley as he closed the book, `` it is still poetry of a high order ''.

Then, a group of eggs is deposited in a cavity in the beebread loaf and the egg compartment is closed.

this is really a deficiency in the scalar field, namely, that it is not algebraically closed.

From these results, one sees that the study of linear operators on vector spaces over an algebraically closed field is essentially reduced to the study of nilpotent operators.

Consider a simple, closed, plane curve C which is a real-analytic image of the unit circle, and which is given by Af.

This theorem is similar to the theorem of Kakutani that there exists a circumscribing cube around any closed, bounded convex set in Af.

This circumstance in the patient's case plus the fact that his tactual capacity remained basically in sound working order constitutes its exceptional value for the problem at hand since the evidence presented by the authors is overwhelming that, when the patient closed his eyes, he had absolutely no spatial ( that is, third-dimensional ) awareness whatsoever.

Therefore, if the sense of touch is functioning normally and there is a complete absence of spatial awareness in a psychically-blind person when the eyes are closed and an object is handled, the conclusion seems unavoidable that touch by itself cannot focus and take possession of the third-dimensionality of things and that actual sight or visual representations are necessary.

As `` a matter of fact no such complete solution of the dream has ever been accomplished in any case,, and what is more, every one attempting such solution has found that in most cases there have remained a great many components of the dream the source of which he has been unable to explain nor is the discussion closed on the subject of the mantic or prophetic power of dreams ''.

Everything else is closed away.

occlusion is the dentist's expression for the way teeth fit together when the jaws are closed.

It is not often realized to what degree certain trades are in many communities closed areas of employment, except for a lucky few.

Every field has an algebraic extension which is algebraically closed ( called its algebraic closure ), but proving this in general requires some form of the axiom of choice.

* Conservation of Energy: Although energy can be converted from one form to another, the total energy in a given closed system remains constant.

because if M is any algebraically closed field containing K, then the elements of M which are algebraic over K form an algebraic closure of K.

Any Banach algebra ( whether it has an identity element or not ) can be embedded isometrically into a unital Banach algebra so as to form a closed ideal of.

Bernoulli numbers feature prominently in the closed form expression of the sum of the m-th powers of the first n positive integers.

* The material points forming a closed curve at any instant will always form a closed curve at any subsequent time.

* The material points forming a closed surface at any instant will always form a closed surface at any subsequent time and the matter within the closed surface will always remain within.

The open-chain form of a monosaccharide often coexists with a closed ring form where the aldehyde / ketone carbonyl group carbon ( C = O ) and hydroxyl group (- OH ) react forming a hemiacetal with a new C-O-C bridge.

Its necessity arises from the well-known fact that apart from relatively recent results concerning the hydrogen molecular ion ( see references therein for more details ), the quantum n-body problem cannot be solved analytically, much less in closed form.

Compactness generalizes many important properties of closed and bounded intervals in the real line ; that is, intervals of the form for real numbers and.

That this form of compactness holds for closed and bounded subsets of Euclidean space is known as the Heine – Borel theorem.

The computable numbers form a real closed field and can be used in the place of real numbers for many, but not all, mathematical purposes.

This enables a closed form solution to security that works well when only a single well-characterized property can be isolated as critical, and that property is also assessable to math.

The set of constructible numbers can be completely characterized in the language of field theory: the constructible numbers form the quadratic closure of the rational numbers: the smallest field extension of which is closed under square root and complex conjugation.

In many cases the integral on the right-hand side can be evaluated in closed form in terms of elementary functions even though the sum on the left-hand side cannot.

Many of the stricter communities of the Reformed and Presbyterian denominations practice a form of restricted Communion, which they designate Close Communion ( to distinguish it from the closed communion system mentioned above ).

The two line poetic form as a closed couplet was also used by William Blake in his poem Auguries of Innocence and also by Byron ( Don Juan ( Byron ) XIII ); John Gay ( Fables ); Alexander Pope ( An Essay on Man ).

Some of them allow appropriate fluid dynamics problems to be solved in closed form.

The double-story form developed similarly, except that some ornate forms then extended the tail back to the right, and to the left again, forming a closed bowl or loop.

The magnetic field lines form closed loops within the core without leaving the core material.

He bought and modified a series of racing cars from the Cooper Car Company, a prolific British constructor, and from 1953 concentrated on this form of racing, in which drivers compete on closed tarmac circuits.