But there is nothing we can do to stop Soviet Russia from granting de facto recognition to East Germany.

The distinction between domiciled ( de jure ) and present ( de facto ) population was not clearly defined.

In the reports, summary results are given for both the de facto ( A and C ) and de jure ( A and B ) populations ; ;

but the subsequent analysis of characteristics is reported only for the de jure population ( or, in some districts, only the de facto population ).

The inclination here is to accept a de facto cease-fire in Laos, rather than continue to insist on a verification of the cease-fire by the international control commission before participating in the Geneva conference.

In practice, the Articles were in use beginning in 1777 ; the final draft of the Articles served as the de facto system of government used by the Congress (" the United States in Congress assembled ") until it became de jure by final ratification on March 1, 1781 ; at which point Congress became the Congress of the Confederation.

Since in practice it is not worth contrasting a zero probability with one that is nearly indistinguishable from zero, he prefers to categorize himself as a " de facto atheist ".

Armenia's economy is highly anticompetitive with government-connected individuals enjoying de facto monopolies over the import and distribution of basic commodities and foodstuffs, and under-reporting revenue to avoid paying taxes.

# Various basic foodstuffs such as rice, sugar, wheat, cooking oil and butter ( the Salex Group enjoys a de facto monopoly on imports of wheat, sugar, flour, butter and cooking oil.

On November 1, 2006, the Armenian government handed de facto control of the Iran-Armenia gas pipeline to Russian company Gazprom and increased Gazprom's stake in the Russian-Armenian company ArmRosGazprom from 45 % to 58 % by approving an additional issue of shares worth $ 119 million.

* 1192 – Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan.

During that time, Milan was regarded as the de facto ruler of the country.

After this battle and the loss of one of Portugal's most remarkable infantes, the Duke of Braganza became the de facto ruler of the country.

Alfonso had been in love with a woman of noble family named Lucrezia d ' Alagno, who served as a de facto queen at the Neapolitan court as well as an inspiring muse.

Though the U. S. federal government has no official language, English is the common language used by the federal government and is considered the de facto language of the United States because of its widespread use.

Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is Australia's de facto official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

He was a founding member and the de facto early leader of the influential Bourbaki group.

Installed at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques ( IHÉS ), Grothendieck attracted attention by an intense and highly productive activity of seminars ( de facto working groups drafting into foundational work some of the ablest French and other mathematicians of the younger generation ).

Even at this time, Ethernet's widespread acceptance suggested it was to become a de facto standard.

The AFL became the de facto governing body when it pushed for the closure of the International Australian Football Council in 2002.

Abdur Rahman could only succeed in subjugating Hazaras and conquering their land when he effectively utilized internal differences within the Hazara community, co-opting sold-out Hazara chiefs into his bureaucratic sales of the enslaved Hazara men, women and children in 1897, the Hazaras remained de facto slaves until King Amanullah Khan declared Afghanistan's independence in 1919.

Their IRIS GL API was considered state-of-the-art and became the de facto industry standard, overshadowing the open standards-based PHIGS.

de: Simple API for XML

es: API de Windows

As the API has evolved with little modification from a de facto standard into part of the POSIX specification, POSIX sockets are basically Berkeley sockets.

In January 1889, the name of the Association was changed to L ' Association Phonétique des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes ( AP ), and, in 1897, to L ' Association Phonétique Internationale ( API )— in English, the International Phonetic Association ( IPA ).

de: Linux Audio Developer ’ s Simple Plugin API

Since its original publishing in a technical reference book from IBM, the NetBIOS API specification has become a de facto standard.

de: API

de: Java Telephony API

Francisco Ávila Camberos is a Mexican politician who is candidate of the PAN ( Partido Acción Nacional ), and became friends with Jorge González Olivieri, the director of API ( Administración Portuaria Integral de Veracruz ), and the former president of Mexico, Vicente Fox.

de: Java API for XML-based RPC

There are many types of standard of review for appeals, such as de novo and abuse of discretion.

In recognition of his contribution to the creation of modern electrical science, an international convention signed in 1881 established the ampere as a standard unit of electrical measurement, along with the coulomb, volt, ohm, and watt, which are named, respectively, after Ampère ’ s contemporaries Charles-Augustin de Coulomb of France, Alessandro Volta of Italy, Georg Ohm of Germany, and James Watt of Scotland.

This encoding and interface became a de facto standard for Unix sound.

The de facto standard of eight bits is a convenient power of two permitting the values 0 through 255 for one byte.

Capitalization of the letter K became the de facto standard for binary notation, although this could not be extended to higher powers.

In IBM PC compatible computers, the Basic Input / Output System ( BIOS ), also known as the system BIOS or ROM BIOS (), is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface.

* the standard of review and degree of deference given by an appellate tribunal to the decision of the lower tribunal under review ( issues of law are reviewed de novo, that is, " as if new " from scratch by the appellate tribunal, while most issues of equity are reviewed for " abuse of discretion ," that is, with great deference to the tribunal below ).

With open software specifications and the possibility of software licensing, new opportunities arose for software tools that then became the de facto standard, such as DOS for operating systems, but also various proprietary word processing and spreadsheet programs.

Calendars in widespread use today include the Gregorian calendar, which is the de facto international standard, and is used almost everywhere in the world for civil purposes, including in the People's Republic of China and India ( along with the Indian national calendar ).

Until about 2000, users of Unix desktops regarded CDE as the de facto standard, but at that time, other desktop environments such as GNOME and K Desktop Environment 2 were quickly becoming mature, and became almost universal on the Linux platform, which already had a larger user base than most commercial Unixes in total.

( Overburning itself is so named because it is outside the written standards, but, due to market demand, it has nonetheless become a de facto standard function in most CD writing drives and software for them.

Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was in some ways less accurate than the clone-by-clone method chosen by the Human Genome Project, the technique became widely accepted by the scientific community and is still the de facto standard used today.

* The standard biography about Christine de Pizan is Charity Cannon Willard ’ s Christine de Pisan: Her Life and Works ( 1984 ).

On Unix-like operating systems it is the de facto standard.

As more manufacturers licensed CP / M, it became a de facto standard and had to support an increasing number of hardware variations.

Public light buses ( 小巴 ) ( widely referred to as minibuses, or sometimes maxicabs, a de facto share taxi ) run the length and breadth of Hong Kong, through areas which the standard bus lines can not or do not reach as frequently, quickly or directly.

The Globus Toolkit initiative that Kesselman co-led is now the de facto standard for grid architecture.

Java remains a de facto standard, controlled through the Java Community Process.

The Kermit protocol evolved through the 1980s into a de facto data communications standard for transferring files between dissimilar computer systems.

Edinburgh Prolog became the de facto standard and strongly influenced the definition of ISO standard Prolog.

TeX is mainly used in academia, where it is the de facto standard in many scientific disciplines.

Since the early 20th century, a form of standardized Mandarin ( described above ) has been the official and de facto national standard language in China and it is today one of the most frequently used varieties of Chinese among Chinese diaspora communities internationally.