The Hutchinsonian niche is defined more technically as a " Euclidean hyperspace whose dimensions are defined as environmental variables and whose size is a function of the number of values that the environmental values may assume for which an organism has positive fitness.

Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, fitness center, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services

Additionally, things can be causes of one another, reciprocally causing each other, as hard work causes fitness, and vice versa-although not in the same way or by means of the same function: the one is as the beginning of change, the other is as its goal.

# a fitness function to evaluate the solution domain.

The fitness function is defined over the genetic representation and measures the quality of the represented solution.

The fitness function is always problem dependent.

In some problems, it is hard or even impossible to define the fitness expression ; in these cases, a simulation may be used to determine the fitness function value of a phenotype ( e. g., computational fluid dynamics is used to determine the air resistance of a vehicle whose shape is encoded as the phenotype ), or even interactive genetic algorithms are used.

Once the genetic representation and the fitness function are defined, a GA proceeds to initialize a population of solutions ( usually randomly ) and then ( usually ) to improve it through repetitive application of the mutation, crossover, inversion and selection operators.

Individual solutions are selected through a fitness-based process, where fitter solutions ( as measured by a fitness function ) are typically more likely to be selected.

* Repeated fitness function evaluation for complex problems is often the most prohibitive and limiting segment of artificial evolutionary algorithms.

Finding the optimal solution to complex high dimensional, multimodal problems often requires very expensive fitness function evaluations.

The likelihood of this occurring depends on the shape of the fitness landscape: certain problems may provide an easy ascent towards a global optimum, others may make it easier for the function to find the local optima.

This problem may be alleviated by using a different fitness function, increasing the rate of mutation, or by using selection techniques that maintain a diverse population of solutions, although the No Free Lunch theorem proves that there is no general solution to this problem.

Other variants, like genetic algorithms for online optimization problems, introduce time-dependence or noise in the fitness function.

They are usually applied to domains where it is hard to design a computational fitness function, for example, evolving images, music, artistic designs and forms to fit users ' aesthetic preference.

* Schmitt, Lothar M ( 2004 ), Theory of Genetic Algorithms II: models for genetic operators over the string-tensor representation of populations and convergence to global optima for arbitrary fitness function under scaling, Theoretical Computer Science 310: 181 – 231

Let f: < sup > n </ sup > → be the fitness or cost function which must be minimized.

Candidate solutions to the optimization problem play the role of individuals in a population, and the fitness function determines the environment within which the solutions " live " ( see also cost function ).

In fact, this computational complexity is due to fitness function evaluation.

The fitness function is applied to the candidate solutions and any subsequent offspring.

Candidate solutions to the optimization problem play the role of individuals in a population, and the cost function determines the environment within which the solutions " live " ( see also fitness function ).

In evolutionary optimization problems, fitness landscapes are evaluations of a fitness function for all candidate solutions ( see below ).

Broad and Ross have lately contended that this fitness is one of the main facts of ethics, and I suspect they are right.

My point is this: whether there is such fitness or not, we all assume that there is, and if we do, we express in moral judgments more than the subjectivists say we do.

Hogarth, for example, thinks that beauty consists of ( 1 ) fitness of the parts to some design ; ( 2 ) variety in as many ways as possible ; ( 3 ) uniformity, regularity or symmetry, which is only beautiful when it helps to preserve the character of fitness ; ( 4 ) simplicity or distinctness, which gives pleasure not in itself, but through its enabling the eye to enjoy variety with ease ; ( 5 ) intricacy, which provides employment for our active energies, leading the eye on " a wanton kind of chase "; and ( 6 ) quantity or magnitude, which draws our attention and produces admiration and awe.

Because there is no selection pressure for sight in this environment, any number of genetic abnormalities that give rise to the damage or loss of eyes could proliferate among the population with no effect on the fitness of the population.

The Bluetooth Innovation World Cup, a marketing initiative of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group ( SIG ), is an international competition encouraging the development of innovations for applications leveraging the Bluetooth low energy wireless technology in sports, fitness and health care products.

Could one not say that, in the fortuitous combinations of the productions of nature, as there must be some characterized by a certain relation of fitness which are able to subsist, it is not to be wondered at that this fitness is present in all the species that are currently in existence?

Natural selection is the evolutionary process by which heritable traits that increase an individual's fitness become more common, and heritable traits that decrease an individual's fitness become less common.

Ballroom dancing is a dance art form which combines athletic fitness with artistically skillful dance steps.

The center of athletic life is the Alumni Gymnasium, which includes the Karl Michael Competition Pool and the Spaulding Pool, a state of the art fitness center, a weight room, and a 1 / 13th-mile ( 123 m ) indoor track.

Dalplex at Dalhousie is the university's largest main fitness and recreational facility.

EP is closely linked to sociobiology, but there are key differences between them including the emphasis on domain-specific rather than domain-general mechanisms, the relevance of measures of current fitness, the importance of mismatch theory, and psychology rather than behaviour.

It is a machine learning technique used to optimize a population of computer programs according to a fitness landscape determined by a program's ability to perform a given computational task.

TeamGym ( also known as " Gymnastics for All ") has it origins in earliest times. These days, although teams can compete the sport itself was developed to enhance fitness and health in the participants and is accessible to anyone of any age.

In addition to the high levels of fitness attained, rowing is an intense calorie-burning exercise.

Results of these tests are an objective measure of an athlete's fitness ; however, weight, technique and team coordination also impact performance in a boat, thus assembling a crew based purely on erg scores is not an optimal strategy.

" Also known as the kinship theory of genomic imprinting, this hypothesis states that the inequality between parental genomes due to imprinting is a result of the differing interests of each parent in terms of the evolutionary fitness of their genes.

The fitness of a particular genotype corresponds to the average effect on all individuals with that genotype.

Breach of warranty-based product liability claims usually focus on one of three types: ( 1 ) breach of an express warranty, ( 2 ) breach of an implied warranty of merchantability, and ( 3 ) breach of an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.

In a quasispecies, however, mutations are ubiquitous and so the fitness of an individual genotype becomes meaningless: if one particular mutation generates a boost in reproductive success, it can't amount to much because that genotype's offspring are unlikely to be accurate copies with the same properties.

In particular it is difficult to understand why these algorithms frequently succeed at generating solutions of high fitness when applied to practical problems.

An organism is expected to evolve to maximize its inclusive fitness — the number of copies of its genes passed on globally ( rather than by a particular individual ).

If the first human infant with a gene for levitation were struck by lightning in its pram, this would not prove the new genotype to have low fitness, but only that the particular child was unlucky.

Relative fitness is quantified as the average number of surviving progeny of a particular genotype compared with average number of surviving progeny of competing genotypes after a single generation, i. e. one genotype is normalized at and the fitnesses of other genotypes are measured with respect to that genotype.

Where a rider lacks the fitness required to ride a particular class of trail, they may become fatigued, putting themselves at a higher risk of having an accident.

Population genetics describes natural selection by defining fitness as a propensity or probability of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.

The Cooper and multi-stage fitness tests can also be used to assess functional aerobic capacity for particular jobs or activities.

Since 2005 there has been interest in using the performance offered by GPUs for evolutionary computation in general, and for accelerating the fitness evaluation in genetic programming in particular.

Maynard Smith suggested that homozygous individuals may, under particular environmental conditions, have a greater fitness than those with alleles heterozygous for a certain trait.

The relative proportions of the morphs may vary ; the actual values are determined by the effective fitness of the morphs at a particular time and place.

* Frequency dependent selection: The fitness of a particular phenotype is dependent on its frequency relative to other phenotypes in a given population.

In heterozygote advantage, or heterotic balancing selection, an individual who is heterozygous at a particular gene locus has a greater fitness than a homozygous individual.

Matthew Hayden credited retirement from international cricket with aiding his performance in general and fitness in particular in the IPL.

The replicator equation differs from other equations used to model replication, such as the quasispecies equation, in that it allows the fitness landscape to incorporate the distribution of the population types rather than setting the fitness of a particular type constant.

The warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is implied when a buyer relies upon the seller to select the goods to fit a specific request.

It also covers the extent to which sellers may disclaim certain types of warranties ( e. g., warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose ), or even disclaim all warranties in the case of goods sold " as is.

Usually human evaluation is necessary when the form of fitness function is not known ( for example, visual appeal or attractiveness ; as in Dawkins, 1986 ) or the result of optimization should fit a particular user preference ( for example, taste of coffee or color set of the user interface ).

Because a silhouette emphasises the outline, the word has also been used in the fields of fashion and fitness to describe the shape of a person's body or the shape created by wearing clothing of a particular style or period.

A product's fitness for a particular security application depends on how well the features listed in the product's Security Target fulfill the application's security requirements.

An alternative to the use of evolutionary computation in robot learning is the use of other forms of reinforcement learning, such as q-learning, to learn the fitness of any particular action, and then use predicted fitness values indirectly to create a controller.