The fundamental difficulty of which the Selden case was `` a striking ( though not singular ) example '', concluded Hough, `` will remain as long as testimony is taken without any authoritative judicial officer present, and responsible for the maintenance of discipline, and the reception or exclusion of testimony ''.

The fundamental difficulty in risk assessment is determining the rate of occurrence since statistical information is not available on all kinds of past incidents.

Manufacturers have difficulty producing crystals thin enough to produce fundamental frequencies over 30 MHz.

After the first chapter, which simply outlines past ideas and accepted rules regarding the heart and lungs, Harvey moves on to a fundamental premise to his treatise, stating that it was extremely important to study the heart when it was active in order to truly comprehend its true movement ; a task which even he found of great difficulty, as he says:

A fundamental difficulty with focus groups ( and other forms of qualitative research ) is the issue of observer dependency: the results obtained are influenced by the researcher or his own reading of the group's discussion, raising questions of validity ( see Experimenter's bias ).

One fundamental difficulty is that the set of all possible behaviors given all possible inputs is too large to be included in the set of observed examples ( training data ).

Another reason for the system's difficulty is the many and various ways in which the system can be interpreted, and the complex possibilities of the mathematical permutations of various of the letters, tables and diagrams fundamental to the system.

Given this fundamental logical difficulty, there has been very little experimental investigation by parapsychologists of retrocognition.

However, one fundamental difficulty with the LFR technology is the avoidance of shading of incoming solar radiation and blocking of reflected solar radiation by adjacent reflectors.

Another fundamental difference is the difficulty in defining entropy in macroscopic terms for systems not in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Such a fundamental immorality justifies any difficulty or expense to bring to an end.

This fundamental difficulty is referred to as the inverse problem.

The difficulty is that here a judgment based on fundamental science requires the knowledge of quantum electrodynamics however most of noise scientists are solid state physicists or engineers.

A fundamental difficulty in describing few-body systems is that the Schrödinger equation and the classical equations of motion are not analytically solvable for more than two mutually interacting particles even when the underlying forces are precisely known.

The 19th-century German Sanskritist Theodore Goldstücker was one of the early figures to notice the similarities between Spinoza's religious conceptions and the Vedanta tradition of India, writing that Spinoza's thought was "... a western system of philosophy which occupies a foremost rank amongst the philosophies of all nations and ages, and which is so exact a representation of the ideas of the Vedanta, that we might have suspected its founder to have borrowed the fundamental principles of his system from the Hindus, did his biography not satisfy us that he was wholly unacquainted with their doctrines ... We mean the philosophy of Spinoza, a man whose very life is a picture of that moral purity and intellectual indifference to the transitory charms of this world, which is the constant longing of the true Vedanta philosopher ... comparing the fundamental ideas of both we should have no difficulty in proving that, had Spinoza been a Hindu, his system would in all probability mark a last phase of the Vedanta philosophy.

The Austrian School of economics is a school of economic thought positing that the only appropriate means to understand economic events is by logically studying the intentions of individual economic decision-makers, based on certain fundamental truths.

These fundamental similarities and differences provide a unifying theme, sometimes allowing the principles learned from studying one cell type to be extrapolated and generalized to other cell types.

By studying the limit of the manifold for large time, Perelman proved Thurston's geometrization conjecture for any fundamental group: at large times the manifold has a thick-thin decomposition, whose thick piece has a hyperbolic structure, and whose thin piece is a graph manifold, but this extra complication is not necessary for proving just the Poincaré conjecture.

In its contemporary meaning, political economy refers to different, but related, approaches to studying economic and related behaviours, ranging from the combination of economics with other fields to the use of different, fundamental assumptions that challenge orthodox economic assumptions:

Beijerinck invented the enrichment culture, a fundamental method of studying microbes from the environment.

More important was his creation of the theory of group characters and group representations, which are fundamental tools for studying the structure of groups.

" Scholarship in Comparative Literature include, for example, studying literacy and social status in the Americas, studying medieval epic and romance, studying the links of literature to folklore and mythology, studying colonial and postcolonial writings in different parts of the world, asking fundamental questions about definitions of literature itself.

It suffices to take for d the degree of the symmetric function, since the part in degree d is of that ring is mapped isomorphically to rings with more indeterminates by φ < sub > n </ sub > for all n ≥ d. This implies that for studying relations between individual elements, there is no fundamental difference between symmetric polynomials and symmetric functions.

Richardson ’ s fundamental principle of painting was that all aspects of learning, from reading, observing of nature, studying works by masters in painting to writing poetry were necessary as to provide inspiration that artists could cull for their work.

The present best limits on the variation of the fundamental constants have mainly been set by studying the naturally occurring Oklo natural nuclear fission reactor, where nuclear reactions similar to ones we observe today have been shown to have occurred underground approximately two billion years ago.

While working as Wundt's research assistant Münsterberg was studying voluntary activities through introspection, however, they disagreed on the fundamental principles.

A number of factors make sea squirts good models for studying the fundamental developmental processes of chordates, such as cell-fate specification.

In particular, it is seen as a good method for studying electoral reform as politicians face a fundamental conflict of interest when it comes to evaluating the system that elects them.

By studying these cultures, Marines learn fundamental tactics and methods of the past and reconnect themselves with the warrior ethos of the Marine Corps.

Many research addresses this problem by studying basic psychological processes that make people susceptible to social influence, assuming that these processes are so fundamental that they are universally shared.

The fundamental difference between Industrial Technology and Design and Technology is that a student studying Industrial Technology must study theory relevant to specific technology and also study industry practices relevant to their technology.

This is an important question, for before any science can be truly unfolded, so as to realise its full potentialities, it must first be reduced to its fundamental concepts .” These fundamental concepts were, he thought, at their simplest, the qualities of number manifesting in time ; and the search for some way of understanding these lead to the formulation of his theory of Harmonics: this presented, to those able to appreciate it, a far more subtle and refined way of studying the complex pattern of the numerous cycles which make up the world in which we live, breaking out as it did, of the limitations of the oversimplified twelvefold systems of western astrology.

The Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics ( LEPP ) is a High-energy physics laboratory studying fundamental particles and their interactions.

While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe.

Daena should not be confused with the fundamental principle asha ( Vedic rta ), the equitable law of the universe, which governed the life of the ancient Indo-Iranians.

* The Classical elements, the ancient belief about the fundamental types of matter ( usually four in number )

This fundamental characteristic of Christianity ( when compared to Far Eastern religions ) stems originally from ancient Jewish prophecy.

The wanderings of Odysseus as told to the Phaeacians, and the location of the Phaeacians ' own island of Scheria, pose more fundamental problems, if geography is to be applied: scholars, both ancient and modern, are divided as to whether or not any of the places visited by Odysseus ( after Ismaros and before his return to Ithaca ) are real.

For Jews, Christians and Muslims, particular days of worship are ancient and fundamental elements of their faith.

The fundamental difference between Luther and Melanchthon lies not so much in the latter's ethical conception, as in his humanistic mode of thought which formed the basis of his theology and made him ready not only to acknowledge moral and religious truths outside of Christianity, but also to bring Christian truth into closer contact with them, and thus to mediate between Christian revelation and ancient philosophy.

Baekje played a fundamental role in transmitting cultural developments, such as Chinese characters, Buddhism, iron-making, advanced pottery, and ceremonial burial into ancient Japan.

Osiris is connected with life-giving power, righteous kingship, and the rule of maat, the ideal natural order whose maintenance was a fundamental goal in ancient Egyptian culture.

The ancient surviving text mentioning them, although not recognizing them as the four fundamental principles, is the Rhetorica ad Herennium, of unknown authorship, where they are called πλεονασμός ( addition ), ἔνδεια ( omission ), μετάθεσις ( transposition ) and ἐναλλαγή ( permutation ).

The treatment of this as a different operation from multiplication and division by other numbers goes back to the ancient Egyptians, whose multiplication algorithm used division by two as one of its fundamental steps.

She is considered an expert in protein folding which, as explained by Lindquist in the following excerpt, is an ancient, fundamental problem in biology:

Ireland to-day reasserts her historic nationhood the more confidently before the new world emerging from the war, because she believes in freedom and justice as the fundamental principles of international law ; because she believes in a frank co-operation between the peoples for equal rights against the vested privileges of ancient tyrannies ; because the permanent peace of Europe can never be secured by perpetuating military dominion for the profit of empire but only by establishing the control of government in every land upon the basis of the free will of a free people, and the existing state of war, between Ireland and England, can never be ended until Ireland is definitely evacuated by the armed forces of England.

To bring up the factual incorrectness of the claim by mentioning ancient and modern examples of legal same-sex marriage does not rebut the fallacy as a fallacy, it merely debunks the factual claim without bothering to address the underlying fundamental flaw in logic.

As opposed to Christianity which originated from interaction between ancient Greek and Hebrew cultures, Judaism is very similar to Islam in its fundamental religious outlook, structure, jurisprudence and practice.

Under the term ' Sanātana Dharma '-- the eternal law — the concept of a philosophy which is ' authorless ' but perceived by the great ancient seers, has been a fundamental concept of Hinduism for over two thousand years.

Native American tribes are comprehended as ancient sovereigns, established by their sovereign people since time immemorial, and recognized as sovereign by the federal government of the United States as well as the several states, and as such, the Native American ( and Alaska Native ) tribal governments have rights appertaining to sovereigns, including the power to hold radical title to land, to exercise the four fundamental powers, taxation, eminent domain, police power, and escheat, as well as other powers, for instance, the power to charter corporations and undertake public undertakings that might benefit their tribal citizens, Native Americans and Alaska Natives also being citizens of their respective US state, and also citizens of the United States.

Tutelary deities who guard and preserve a place or a person are fundamental to ancient Roman religion.

The ancient public law of France contained a number of rules called " the fundamental laws of the realm " ( lois fondamentales du royaume ), though most of them were purely customary.

Narrative appears to exist in all human societies, ancient and modern, and has been argued to be the most fundamental form of sensemaking for humans to understand their experience.

The basic concept of an Elemental refers to the ancient idea of the elements Earth, Water, Wind, Fire, and Aether as the fundamental building blocks of nature.

Interpretations adapted to contemporary society allowed for flexibility within Confucianism, while the fundamental system of modeled behavior from ancient texts formed its philosophical core.

" He writes that he has reoriented his scholarly interests towards more fundamental philosophical studies and questions of ancient history, rather than questions in the centre of contemporary political struggles.

The patron-client relationship was one of the fundamental social structures of ancient Rome, and failure to fulfill one's obligations brought disapproval and censure.