" The first well-known version of anarcho-capitalism was formulated by Austrian School economist and libertarian Murray Rothbard in the mid-twentieth century, synthesizing elements from the Austrian School of economics, classical liberalism, and nineteenth century American individualist anarchists Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker ( rejecting their labor theory of value and the normative implications they derived from it ).

* List of Austrian School economists

* Austrian School at Mises Wiki

Category: Austrian School economists

* Austrian School

Category: Austrian School

Economists from the Austrian School argue that aggregate economic models are not well suited to describe economic reality because they waste a large part of specific knowledge.

With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics ( LSE ) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins.

The Republican congressman for Texas's 14th district, Ron Paul, is a proponent of the Austrian School.

* The Ludwig von Mises Institute holds a lecture named after Hayek every year at its Austrian Scholars Conference and invites notable academics to speak about subjects relating to Hayek's contributions to the Austrian School.

* Stockholm school ( economics ) – the school of economic thought whose antithesis is the gold standard centered Austrian School of Economics

Category: Austrian School economists

Between 1961 and 1963, while an undergraduate student, North became acquainted with the works of Austrian School economists Ludwig von Mises, F. A.

Category: Austrian School economists

" Austrian School economist Hans-Hermann Hoppe says that " the 1849 article " The Production of Security " is probably the single most important contribution to the modern theory of anarcho-capitalism.

But, even though Weber's research interests were very much in line with that school, his views on methodology and the theory of value diverged significantly from those of other German historicists and were closer, in fact, to those of Carl Menger and the Austrian School, the traditional rivals of the historical school.

Though his research interests were always in line with those of the German historicists, with a strong emphasis on interpreting economic history, Weber's defence of " methodological individualism " in the social sciences represented an important break with that school and an embracing of many of the arguments that had been made against the historicists by Carl Menger, the founder of the Austrian School of economics, in the context of the academic Methodenstreit (" debate over methods ") of the late 19th century.

Weber himself had a significant influence on Mises, whom he had befriended when they were both at the University of Vienna in the spring of 1918, and, through Mises, on several other economists associated with the Austrian School in the 20th century.

In 1971, Austrian School libertarian economist Murray Rothbard criticized Friedman's efforts to make the government more efficient as detrimental to individual liberty, concluding "... as we examine Milton Friedman ’ s credentials to be the leader of free-market economics, we arrive at the chilling conclusion that it is difficult to consider him a free-market economist at all.

Murray Rothbard, representing the Austrian School of economics, describes it this way:

Austrian economics, 3 v. Edward Elgar.

* Austrian Economics Concise encyclopedia of economics on Econlib

According to Kevin Carson ( himself a mutualist ), " most people who call themselves " individualist anarchists " today are followers of Murray Rothbard's Austrian economics.

Murray Rothbard, a student of Ludwig von Mises, combined the Austrian school economics of his teacher with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state he had absorbed from studying the individualist American anarchists of the 19th century such as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker.

Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics by George Reisman ( 1996 ) attempts to integrate Objectivist methodology and insights with both Classical and Austrian economics.

Socratic Puzzles ( 1997 ) is a collection of papers that range in topic from Ayn Rand and Austrian economics to animal rights, while his last production, Invariances ( 2001 ), applies insights from physics and biology to questions of objectivity in such areas as the nature of necessity and moral value.

Classical economics, neoclassical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argue that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment.

Similarly, Hayek and others from the Austrian school of economics argue that if governments intervene through monetary policy to lower interest rates this will exacerbate unemployment by preventing the market from responding effectively.

* Carl Menger 1840 – 1921 ; economist ; lawyer ; founder of the Austrian School of economics

This can be contrasted with the monetary policy advocated by supply-side economics and the Austrian School which are based on a " value of money " target ( albeit from different ends of the formula ).

The most complete rejection of the concept of social justice comes from Friedrich Hayek of the Austrian School of economics:

The University of Vienna was the cradle of the Austrian School of economics.

In classical, neoclassical and Austrian economics, Crusoe is regularly used to illustrate the theory of production and choice in the absence of trade, money and prices.

The earliest precursor to modern complex systems theory can be found in the classical political economy of the Scottish Enlightenment, later developed by the Austrian school of economics, which says that order in market systems is spontaneous ( or emergent ) in that it is the result of human action, but not the execution of any human design.

Upon this the Austrian school developed from the 19th to the early 20th century the economic calculation problem, along with the concept of dispersed knowledge, which were to fuel debates against the then-dominant Keynesian economics.

** Austrian School of economics

Austrian German (), or Austrian Standard German, is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Austria and in the autonomous Province of South Tyrol ( Italy ).

The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is defined by the Austrian Dictionary (), published under the authority of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture.

As German is a pluricentric language, Austrian German is merely one among several varieties of Standard German.

With German being a pluricentric language, Austrian dialects should not be confused with the variety of Standard German spoken by most Austrians, which is distinct from that of Germany or Switzerland.

This form is known as: " Österreichische Kanzleisprache " or " Austrian chancellery language " in English.

Austrian German is the only variety of a pluricentric language recognized under international law / EU primary law.

Simple words in the various dialects are very similar, but pronunciation is distinct for each and, after listening to a few spoken words it may be possible for an Austrian to realise which dialect is being spoken.

Athena is depicted in the obverse of the coin, representing the Austrian Republic.

* 1664 – The Ottoman Empire is defeated in the Battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.

Alder is illustrated in the coat of arms for the Austrian town of Grossarl.

Today, Alemannic is a linguistic term, referring to Alemannic German, encompassing the dialects of the southern two thirds of Baden-Württemberg ( German State ), in western Bavaria ( German State ), in Vorarlberg ( Austrian State ), Swiss German in Switzerland and the Alsatian language of the Alsace ( France ).

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947 ) is an Austrian and American former professional bodybuilder, actor, businessman, investor, and politician.

* 1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.

On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four day campaign that ended in a French victory.

Many nationalist movements, such as the French National Front, Austrian Freedom Party, or the Italian Lego Nord are opposed to globalization, but argue that the alternative to globalization is the protection of the nation-state, sometimes, according to critics, in explicitly racist or fascist terms.

Austrian Germanist Rudolf Simek says that Bifröst either means " the swaying road to heaven " ( also citing bifa ) or, if Bilröst is the original form of the two ( which Simek says is likely ), " the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow " ( possibly connected to bil, perhaps meaning " moment, weak point ").