According to the WHO, it is practiced in 28 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, in parts of the Middle East, and within some immigrant communities in Europe, North America, Australasia.

According to the WHO, some practices regarded as legal in countries that have outlawed FGM do fall under the category of Type IV ( see below ), but the organization decided to maintain a broad definition to avoid loopholes that could allow FGM to continue.

According to the WHO, 100 – 140 million women and girls are living with FGM, including 92 million girls over the age of 10 in Africa.

According to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ), over a third of people in most countries report problems at some time in their life which meet criteria for diagnosis of one or more of the common types of mental disorder.

According to spokesperson Vivian Tan of the WHO office in Beijing, " In cases like this August 2009, we encourage the authorities to identify cases, to investigate any suspicious symptoms among close contacts, and to treat confirmed cases as soon as possible.

According to a 2007 World Health Organization ( WHO ) report, 1. 1 billion people lack access to an improved drinking water supply, 88 percent of the 4 billion annual cases of diarrheal disease are attributed to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and 1. 8 million people die from diarrheal diseases each year.

According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ), an estimated 50, 000 to 100, 000 women develop obstetric fistulas each year and over two million women currently live with obstetric fistula.

According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ), maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.

According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ), more than a million people are killed on the world ’ s roads each year.

According to the WHO, in their guidelines on chiropractic practice, spinal manipulation is contraindicated for disc herniations when there are progressive neurological deficits.

According to WHO guidelines 2010, artemisinin-based combination therapies ( ACTs ) are the recommended first line antimalarial treatments for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum.

According to the WHO lexicon of alcohol and drug terms, habituation is defined as “ becoming accustomed to any behavior or condition, including psychoactive substance use ”.

According to World Health Organization ( WHO ), 15 % of the world's total population have disabilities.

According to a WHO report, about 48, 000 melanoma related deaths occur worldwide per year.

According to the WHO, 50 % of medical equipment in developing countries is only partly usable due to lack of skilled operators or parts.

According to the currently adopted definition by FAO / WHO, probiotics are: " Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host ".

According to WHO " Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms ..." sobriety is continued abstinence from psychoactive drug use.

According to WHO, " Pharmacovigilance activities are done to monitor detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of any obnoxious adverse reactions to drugs at therapeutic concentration that is used or is intended to be used to modify or explore physiological system or pathological states for the benefit of recipient.

According to the WHO, the tobacco industry must replace older quitting or dying smokers with younger consumers.

According to the WHO, the " precautionary principle " is " a risk management policy applied in circumstances with a high degree of scientific uncertainty, reflecting the need to take action for a potentially serious risk without awaiting the results of scientific research.

According to WHO intravenous AS is the drug of choice for severe malaria both in children and adults where there is low transmission.

According to WHO statistics infant mortality fell from 23 to 20 in males and 19 to 17 in females per 1000 births between 2003 and 2005.

While noting recent progress, The Lancet noted, " According to WHO, in 2007, nearly 2 billion individuals had insufficient iodine intake, a third being of school age.

According to WHO and Guttmacher, approximately 68, 000 women die annually as a result of complications of unsafe abortion ; and between two million and seven million women each year survive unsafe abortion but sustain long-term damage or disease ( incomplete abortion, infection ( sepsis ), haemorrhage, and injury to the internal organs, such as puncturing or tearing of the uterus ).

According to one principle of classification, an emergent coastline is a coastline which has experienced a fall in sea level, because of either a global sea level change, or local uplift.

According to a second principle of classification, a concordant coastline is a coastline where bands of different rock types run parallel to the shore.

According to the most recent classification scheme, the APG III of 2009, the order includes five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae.

According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel-Sachs, flutes are categorized as edge-blown aerophones.

According to these new rules, " mineral species can be grouped in a number of different ways, on the basis of chemistry, crystal structure, occurrence, association, genetic history, or resource, for example, depending on the purpose to be served by the classification.

According to Weber's theses, social research cannot be fully inductive or descriptive, because understanding some phenomenon implies that the researcher must go beyond mere description and interpret it ; interpretation requires classification according to abstract " ideal ( pure ) types ".

According to the Köppen climate classification, it is dominant in the peninsula, with two varieties: Csa and Csb.

According to the Köppen climate classification, Venice has a Humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), with cool winters and very warm summers.

According to the Köppen climate classification, Milan has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ); the Mediterranean Sea is too far to exert any influence, so Milan's climate is similar to much of northern Italy's inland plains, where sultry summers and cold, wet winters prevail.

According to the Honorable Lawrence Lewis of Colorado at a Tribute for Putnam in 1939, Putnam at this time “ modernized antiquated methods, revised the charging records of books on loan, inaugurated a new system of cataloging and classification, opened the alcoves to readers, insisted that ‘ there are two great problems of library management – one to get the books for the readers, the other to get the readers to the books .’”

According to the Köppen climate classification, Reggio Calabria possess a typical Mediterranean climate.

According to this classification, the Euarchonta are sister to the Glires ( lagomorphs and rodents ), and the two groups are combined into the clade Euarchontoglires.

According to a current classification system, Hebeloma now belongs to family Hymenogastraceae, and is considered more narrowly related to the closed Hymenogaster fungi than, for instance, to the ordinary mushrooms in genus Cortinarius.

According to Köppen climate classification, Conakry features a tropical monsoon climate.

According to the Köppen climate classification, Como has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ); winters are not long, but foggy, damp and chilly with occasional periods of frost from the siberian anticyclone ; spring and autumn are well marked and pleasant, while summer can be quite oppressive, hot and humid.

According to historian René Rémond's famous classification of the right-wings in France, this libérale tradition belongs to the Orleanist inheritance, while Gaullists inherited from Bonapartism and a tradition of state intervention issued from the National Council of Resistance ( CNR )' s welfare state program after the war.

According to the ICHD-2 classification, the main types of secondary headaches include those that are due to head or neck trauma such as whiplash injury, intracranial hematoma, post craniotomy or other head or neck injury.

According to the classification scheme of Zenkovich, the rivers on the east coast can be described as ‘ small ’; this classification is not related to their flow rate but to the insufficient amount of sediment that they transport to the coast to nourish it.

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Cape May has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) typical of New Jersey with warm summers and cold winters.

According to this classification there are three types of kibbutzim:

According to the Köppen classification, Austell has a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild, but occasionally cold winters by the standards of the southern United States.

According to the climate zone, Kahului is in the Tropical wet and dry climate zone ( Köppen classification As ) with a dry summer season.

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Cape May has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) typical of New Jersey with warm summers and cool winters.

According to the Köppen climate classification, Marlboro Township is considered to be in the Cfa zone.