According to the WHO, it is practiced in 28 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, in parts of the Middle East, and within some immigrant communities in Europe, North America, Australasia.

According to the WHO, some practices regarded as legal in countries that have outlawed FGM do fall under the category of Type IV ( see below ), but the organization decided to maintain a broad definition to avoid loopholes that could allow FGM to continue.

According to the WHO, 100 – 140 million women and girls are living with FGM, including 92 million girls over the age of 10 in Africa.

According to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ), over a third of people in most countries report problems at some time in their life which meet criteria for diagnosis of one or more of the common types of mental disorder.

According to spokesperson Vivian Tan of the WHO office in Beijing, " In cases like this August 2009, we encourage the authorities to identify cases, to investigate any suspicious symptoms among close contacts, and to treat confirmed cases as soon as possible.

According to a 2007 World Health Organization ( WHO ) report, 1. 1 billion people lack access to an improved drinking water supply, 88 percent of the 4 billion annual cases of diarrheal disease are attributed to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and 1. 8 million people die from diarrheal diseases each year.

According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ), an estimated 50, 000 to 100, 000 women develop obstetric fistulas each year and over two million women currently live with obstetric fistula.

According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ), maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.

According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ), more than a million people are killed on the world ’ s roads each year.

According to the WHO, in their guidelines on chiropractic practice, spinal manipulation is contraindicated for disc herniations when there are progressive neurological deficits.

According to WHO guidelines 2010, artemisinin-based combination therapies ( ACTs ) are the recommended first line antimalarial treatments for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum.

According to World Health Organization ( WHO ), 15 % of the world's total population have disabilities.

According to a WHO report, about 48, 000 melanoma related deaths occur worldwide per year.

According to the WHO, 50 % of medical equipment in developing countries is only partly usable due to lack of skilled operators or parts.

According to the currently adopted definition by FAO / WHO, probiotics are: " Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host ".

According to WHO " Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms ..." sobriety is continued abstinence from psychoactive drug use.

According to the WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system, the standard name for this brain tumor is " glioblastoma "; it presents two variants: giant cell glioblastoma and gliosarcoma.

According to WHO, " Pharmacovigilance activities are done to monitor detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of any obnoxious adverse reactions to drugs at therapeutic concentration that is used or is intended to be used to modify or explore physiological system or pathological states for the benefit of recipient.

According to the WHO, the tobacco industry must replace older quitting or dying smokers with younger consumers.

According to the WHO, the " precautionary principle " is " a risk management policy applied in circumstances with a high degree of scientific uncertainty, reflecting the need to take action for a potentially serious risk without awaiting the results of scientific research.

According to WHO intravenous AS is the drug of choice for severe malaria both in children and adults where there is low transmission.

According to WHO statistics infant mortality fell from 23 to 20 in males and 19 to 17 in females per 1000 births between 2003 and 2005.

While noting recent progress, The Lancet noted, " According to WHO, in 2007, nearly 2 billion individuals had insufficient iodine intake, a third being of school age.

According to WHO and Guttmacher, approximately 68, 000 women die annually as a result of complications of unsafe abortion ; and between two million and seven million women each year survive unsafe abortion but sustain long-term damage or disease ( incomplete abortion, infection ( sepsis ), haemorrhage, and injury to the internal organs, such as puncturing or tearing of the uterus ).

According to Roy Andrew Miller ( 1996: 98-99 ), the Clauson – Doerfer critique of Altaic relies exclusively on lexicon, whereas the fundamental evidence for Altaic consists in verbal morphology.

According to the Brown Driver Briggs lexicon, the Hebrew abaddon ( Hebrew: אבדון ; avadon ) is an intensive form of the Semitic root and verb stem abad ( א ָ ב ַ ד ) " perish " ( transitive " destroy "), which occurs 184 times in the Hebrew Bible.

According to a lexicon on nationalist movements across the world, Macau happened to recognise that Principality.

According to the Macmillan English Dictionary, the word is entering the English lexicon.

According to the critics, Esperanto should aim to be a common European tongue, and therefore its lexicon and spelling system should be a consensus of the Western European languages.

According to linguist Roger Blench, as of 2004, all specialists in Niger – Congo languages believe the languages to have a common origin, rather than merely constituting a typological classification, for reasons including their shared noun-class system, their shared verbal extensions and their shared basic lexicon.

According to Gotwals ( 1968 ), " Friedrich Noack in his article in the Thieme and Becker Allgemeines Lexicon der bildenden Künstler lexicon of graphic artists ", describes Dies's work as clumsy, mediocre, and prosaic.

According to Aristophanes of Byzantium, Sophocles wrote 130 plays, 17 of which are spurious, the Suda lexicon ' I counted 123.

According to Peter Schalk a professor of theology from University of Uppsala who has done studies on Sri Lankan Tamils and their culture, Caldwell and the Madras Tamil lexicon were wrong in deriving Eelam from Sihala.

According to him, a generative grammar consists of five major components: the lexicon, the base component, the transformational component, the phonological component and the semantic component.

According to Matthew Polly, a travel writer and martial artist, during the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong granted the Shaolin Temple extra land and special " imperial dispensation " to eat meat, and drink, which would make Shaolin the only temple in China that did not prohibit alcohol, although this practice has ceased today.

According to Gerald of Wales, the only witness to chronicle the expedition, it is a disaster in which money is wasted on alcohol and the Irish chieftains are scorned into uniting against a common enemy.

The investigation also concluded that several of the officials “ frequently consumed alcohol at industry functions, had used cocaine and marijuana, and had sexual relationships with oil and gas company representatives .” According to the New York Times, " The reports portray a dysfunctional organization that has been riddled with conflicts of interest, unprofessional behavior and a free-for-all atmosphere for much of the Bush administration ’ s watch.

According to biographer Jean-Paul Goujon, Vivien suffered from chronic gastritis, due to years of chloral hydrate and alcohol abuse.

According to Shin, Edwards, Heeren, & Amodeo ( 2009 ) underage drinking is more prevalent among teens that experienced multiple types of childhood maltreatment regardless of parental alcohol abuse, putting them at a greater risk for alcohol use disorders.

According to a 1967 interview he gave to LIFE Magazine, he was the only black member of the Morris Park Dukes, a youth gang involved in alcohol and petty theft.

According to the manufacturer no preservatives are required as the alcohol content preserves the cream.

According to the journalist Mary Garrigan, he said that the " additional taxes that now go off-reservation could be used to fund much-needed alcohol treatment programs.

According to the amended complaint, it is “ not reasonable to expect that in the future the State of Nebraska will enforce its laws regulating the sale of alcohol at Whiteclay .” Bruning had said he believed the State of Nebraska should not be involved in the suit ; that shutting down the beer stores wasn't the solution ; that reservation residents would drive further afield to purchase alcohol, which might lead to increased drunk driving ; and that any money recovered in damages by the OST, in this suit or others, might be used to buy alcohol.

According to the traditional Finnish mindset, it is preferable to lose control with alcohol or to even use it excessively over long periods of time, than to experiment with cannabis, which is seen both as very dangerous in itself and as a " gateway drug ".

According to Pastis, " mixing kids and alcohol and having Rat babysit while drunk just threw some uptight readers over the edge.

According to non-Rabbinical interpretation, a Nazirite is forbidden to consume any alcohol, and vinegar from such alcohol, regardless of its source.

According to a 2004 comparison by YAERD, a U. S. organization that studies alcohol use among youth, Michigan and Alaska, whose dram shop laws are considerably narrower than MADD proposes, have drunk-driving fatality rates below the national average, while Illinois is above the national average despite having one of the broadest dram shop laws.

According to Samguk Sagi, he ordered the cultivation of land to the south, and banned the fermentation of alcohol in 38 because of a poor harvest.

According to a study by Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science in California, malt liquor is the alcohol of choice of the homeless and unemployed.

According to the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence, at least three out of seven of the following criteria must be manifest during a 12 month period:

According to one study, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine cause decreases in D < sub > 2 </ sub > receptor quantity.

" According to Peter Longerich, Dirlewanger's leadership " was characterized by continued alcohol abuse, looting, sadistic atrocities, rape, and murder — and his mentor Berger tolerated this behaviour, as did Himmler, who so urgently needed men such as the Sonderkommando Dirlewanger in his fight against ' subhumanity '.

According to a later trial, they would legally import industrial grade alcohol from Canada, ostensibly for their perfume factory, and divert it to their illegal distilleries in the forests near Fort Snelling.