According to utilitarianism, a good action is one that results in an increase in pleasure, and the best action is one that results in the most pleasure for the greatest number.

According to hedonistic utilitarianism, a good action is one that results in an increase in pleasure, and the best action is one that results in the most pleasure for the greatest number.

According to deontology, we have a duty to act in a way that does those things that are inherently good as acts (" truth-telling " for example ), or follow an objectively obligatory rule ( as in rule utilitarianism ).

According to utilitarianism the moral worth of an action is determined only by its resulting outcome although there is debate over how much consideration should be given to actual consequences, foreseen consequences and intended consequences.

Hall and Popkin defend Mill against this accusation pointing out that he begins Chapter Four by asserting that “ that questions of ultimate ends do not admit of proof, in the ordinary acceptation of the term ” and that this is “ common to all first principles .” According to Hall and Popkin, therefore, Mill does not attempt to “ establish that what people do desire is desirable but merely attempts to make the principles acceptable .” The type of “ proof ” Mill is offering " consists only of some considerations which, Mill thought, might induce an honest and reasonable man to accept utilitarianism ".

According to Harsanyi, “ preference utilitarianism is the only form of utilitarianism consistent with the important philosophical principle of preference autonomy.

According to most models of behavior, including not only utilitarianism, but most economic, psychological and social conceptions of behavior, it is believed that Paul likes collecting stamps because he gets pleasure from collecting stamps.

According to simple utilitarianism, such a decision would be not only permissible, but, morally speaking, the better option ( the other option being no action at all ).

According to reviewer Peter Tramel, his effort culminates in arguments for universal impermanence, continuous deterministic causality, and utilitarianism.

According to the theory underlying odd-lot indices, the trader who trades odd lots is most likely a small trader, one who can't afford to trade round lots.

According to Viktor Frankl, the author of Man's Search for Meaning, when a person is faced with extreme mortal dangers, the most basic of all human wishes is to find a meaning of life to combat the " trauma of nonbeing " as death is near.

According to official data, in 2007, a record-high 500, 000 tourists visited Armenia — most of them ethnic Armenians from Europe, Russia and the United States.

According to fellow folk singer Joan Baez, it was one of the most requested songs from her audiences, but she never realized its origin as a hymn ; by the time she was singing it in the 1960s she said it had " developed a life of its own ".

According to an interview she gave to an Egyptian journalist, her first name was Yvonne, though she is referred to as Yvette in most published references.

According to the Fraser Institute, Alberta has very high levels of economic freedom and rates Alberta as the most free economy in Canada, and second most free economy amongst U. S. states and Canadian provinces.

According to most Muslim scholars, the Ark of the Covenant has a religious basis in Islam, and Islam gives it special significance.

According to a 2008 television programme, presented by Griff Rhys Jones, “ the flame has only been extinguished once, by a drunken Mexican football supporter on the night that France beat Brazil here in Paris ,” most likely referring to the 1998 FIFA World Cup Final.

According to the standard modern text on the work, Lamar Ronald Lacey's The Myth of Aktaion: Literary and Iconographic Studies, the most likely original version of the myth is that Actaeon was the hunting companion of the goddess who, seeing her naked in her sacred spring, attempts to force himself on her.

According to Hippolytus of Rome ( Philosophumena, VII, xxiii ) Theodotus taught that Jesus was a man born of a virgin, according to the Council of Jerusalem, that he lived like other men, and was most pious ; but that at his baptism in the Jordan the " Christ " came down upon the man Jesus in the likeness of a dove.

Meteorologists ( and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere ) use a definition based on months, with autumn being September, October and November in the northern hemisphere, According to United States tradition, autumn runs from the day after Labor Day ( i. e. the Tuesday following the first Monday of September ) through Thanksgiving ( i. e. the fourth Thursday in November ), after which the holiday season that demarcates the unofficial beginning of winter begins.

According to one witness, " the public received the musical hero with the utmost respect and sympathy, listened to his wonderful, gigantic creations with the most absorbed attention and broke out in jubilant applause, often during sections, and repeatedly at the end of them.

According to the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, " Problems associated with drug trafficking are potentially the most serious threat to stability in the BVI ".

According to the most recent measurements and observations, the Big Bang occurred approximately 13. 75 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the Universe.

According to family tradition, the family had included one of the most prolific Rococo painters of the ancien régime, Fragonard, whose handling of color and expressive, confident brushwork influenced later painters.

According to a 2003 study undertaken by the International Diabetes Federation ( IDF ) on the access to and availability of insulin in its member countries, synthetic ' human ' insulin is considerably more expensive in most countries where both synthetic ' human ' and animal insulin are commercially available: e. g. within European countries the average price of synthetic ' human ' insulin was twice as high as the price of pork insulin.

According to Grayson Lee, who created the snow penis sculpture in 2007, most of its residents were " heartbroken " to leave.

According to the Corporate Library's study, the average size of publicly traded company's board is 9. 2 members, and most boards range from 3 to 31 members.

According to the United States Census Bureau the city's area includes of land and ( 40. 83 %) water, most of it part of San Francisco Bay.

According to the most recent classification scheme, the APG III of 2009, the order includes five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae.

According to one historical account, aboriginal tribes of Australia were " most certainly cannibals ", and would willingly eat anyone who was killed in a fight ; they would also eat men famed for their fighting ability who had died natural deaths "... out of pity and consideration for the body ".

According to the Botanical Society of the British Isles ' most recent Atlas, there has been only one confirmed record since 2000.

According to a 2004 French study conducted by INSERM, cognitive behavioral therapy was the most effective therapy when compared with psychoanalysis and family or couples therapy.

According to Strmiska and Sigurvinsson ( 2005 ), American Asatruar tend to prefer a more devotional form of worship and a more emotional conception of the Nordic gods than Scandinavian practitioner, reflecting the parallel tendency of highly emotional forms of Christianity prevalent in the United States.

According to him, while the first two visions ( the alter-globalism and the anti-globalism ) represent the reconstructed forms of old and new left ideologies, respectively, in the context of current globalization, only the third one has shown the capacity to respond more effectively to the intellectual requirements of today ’ s global complexities.

According to some versions of functionalism, even non-human systems, such as other animal species, alien life forms, or advanced computers can, in principle, have mental states.

Schopenhauer claimed that “ everything that exists for knowledge, and hence the whole of this world, is only object in relation to the subject, perception of the perceiver, in a word, representation .” According to him there can be " No object without subject " because " everything objective is already conditioned as such in manifold ways by the knowing subject with the forms of its knowing, and presupposes these forms …"

According to valence bond theory, of which Pauling was a notable proponent, this " additional stabilization " of the heteronuclear bond is due to the contribution of ionic canonical forms to the bonding.

According to the rules of Indo-European ablaut, the full grade ( containing an * e ), * gheud -, might be replaced with the zero-grade ( the * e disappears ), * ghud -, or the o-grade ( the * e changes to an * o ), * ghoud -, accounting for the various forms of the name.

According to English philologist Walter William Skeat ( 1835-1912 ), the origin is to be found in the name for a cask or liquid measure appearing in various forms in several Teutonic languages, in Dutch oxhooft ( modern okshoofd ), Danish oxehoved, Old Swedish oxhufvod, etc.

According to Pierre Henry, " musique concrète was not a study of timbre, it is focused on envelopes, forms.

According to anthropologist Roger D. Abrahams, these traditional performance art forms are " Nevisian approximation of British performance codes, techniques, and patterns ".

According to Plato, there are some forms that are not instantiated at all, but, he contends, that does not imply that the forms could not be instantiated.

According to an international commission report released by the Romanian government in 2004, Antonescu's dictatorial government of Romania is responsible for the murder in various forms ( including deportations to concentration camps and executions by the Romanian Army and Gendarmerie and the German Einsatzgruppen ), between 280, 000 to 380, 000 Jews in Romania and in the war zone of Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transnistria.

According to Alison Assiter, four ideas are common to the various forms of structuralism.

According to the U. S. Department of State, more than 109, 000 children were working on cocoa farms alone in Côte d ' Ivoire ( Ivory Coast ) in " the worst forms of child labor " in 2002.

According to researcher Siddharth Kara, the profits generated worldwide by all forms of slavery in 2007 were $ 91. 2 billion.

According to some religions ( including the Abrahamic religions in most of their forms ), souls — or at least immortal souls capable of union with the divine — belong only to human beings.

According to Jewish law, a sefer Torah ( plural: Sifrei Torah ) is a copy of the formal Hebrew text of hand-written on gevil or qlaf ( forms of parchment ) by using a quill ( or other permitted writing utensil ) dipped in ink.

According to general relativity, the gravitational collapse of a sufficiently compact mass forms a singular Schwarzschild black hole.

According to Gruber ( 1993 ): " Ontologies are often equated with taxonomic hierarchies of classes, class definitions, and the subsumption relation, but ontologies need not be limited to these forms.

According to the Sloan Career Cornerstone Center, Computer engineers working in this area develop new methods for protecting various information, such as digital images and music, fragmentation, copyright infringement and other forms of tampering.

According to a report by the International Labour Organization ( ILO ), in 2002, more than 109, 000 children were working on cocoa farms in Côte d ' Ivoire ( Ivory Coast ), some of them in " the worst forms of child labour ".

According to Perry Link, pressure on Western institutions also takes more subtle forms, including academic self-censorship, whereby research on Falun Gong could result in a denial of visa for fieldwork in China ; or exclusion and discrimination from business and community groups who have connections with China and fear angering the Communist Party.

According to Jean Fouchard, mereng evolved from the fusion of slave music genres ( such as the chica and calenda ) with ballroom forms related to the French contredanse.