Advocates of economic planning have sometimes been staunch critics of command economies and centralized planning.

Advocates respond that it is difficult to undertake a comprehensive design effort in the absence of significant funding for such efforts, and that despite this handicap much useful design-ahead has nevertheless been accomplished with new software tools that have been developed, e. g., at Nanorex.

Advocates are often normal users who devote their spare time to advocacy of their operating system of choice ; many have a deep and abiding interest in the use, design and construction of operating systems and an emotional investment in their favourite operating system.

In December 2009, a 96-page report titled Human Rights in Ethiopia: Through the Eyes of the Oromo Diaspora, compiled by the Advocates for Human Rights, documented human rights violations against the Oromo in Ethiopia under three successive regimes: the Abyssinian Empire under Haile Selassie, the Marxist Derg and the current Ethiopian government of the Ethiopian People ’ s Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ), dominated by members of the Tigray People ’ s Liberation Front ( TPLF ) and which was accused to have arrested approximately 20, 000 suspected OLF members, to have driven most OLF leadership into exile, and to have effectively neutralized the OLF as a political force in Ethiopia.

Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused socialist principles and strongly opposed Western political involvement in the Arab world.

Advocates of Condorcet methods argue that a candidate can claim to have majority support only if they are the " Condorcet winner " – that is, the candidate who would beat every other candidate in a series of one-on-one elections.

Advocates of this philosophy point to the many well-known artists and intellectuals who have used drugs, experimentally or otherwise, with few detrimental effects on their lives.

Though a Segway-focused organization, Disability Rights Advocates for Technology, advocates for Segway PT sidewalk and facility access as an ADA issue, Segways cannot be marketed in the US as medical devices: they have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a medical device and Johnson & Johnson claims exclusive rights to the medical uses of the balancing technology found in the iBOT and Segway.

Advocates of the fuzzy logic approach have included K. F. Machina ( 1976 ) and Dorothy Edgington ( 1993 ).

Advocates of evidence-based medicine have used this as an example of the importance of basing health-care recommendations on statistical evidence, with one researcher estimating that as many as 50, 000 infant deaths in Europe, Australia, and the US could have been prevented had this advice been altered by 1970, when such evidence became available.

Advocates of local currency in effect argue that, in certain circumstances, an entire country is not an optimum currency area, and that various regions should have different currencies.

Advocates of counterfactual history often respond that all statements about causality in history contain implicit counterfactual claims — for example, the claim that a certain military decision helped a country win a war presumes that if that decision had not been made, the war would have been less likely to be won, or would have been longer.

Advocates for gays and lesbians have pointed to the inheritance rights of spouses as desirable for same-sex couples as well, through same-sex marriage or civil unions.

Advocates of indigenous rights have also criticized some of Toledo's efforts to jump-start the economy through investments, such as his support for the Camisea natural-gas project and other projects that involved exploring or developing natural resources.

Cockburn entered the Faculty of Advocates in 1800, and attached himself, not to the party of his relatives, who could have afforded him most valuable patronage, but to the Whig party, and that at a time when it held out few inducements to men ambitious of success in life.

Advocates of the former, the Normative Principle, argue that attributions of intentional idioms to physical systems should be the propositional attitudes that the physical system ought to have in those circumstances ( Dennett 1987, 342 ).

Advocates of BDSM have sought to distinguish themselves from widely held notions of antiquated psychiatric theory by the adoption of the initialized term, " BDSM " as a distinction from the now common usage of those psychological terms, abbreviated as " S & M ".

Advocates of the Paleolithic diet have argued that these components of agrarian diets promote vitamin and mineral deficiencies and may explain the development of the " diseases of civilization " as well as a number of autoimmune-related diseases.

The State Advocates have been instrumental in building communities of volunteers and educators, state-by-state.

In recent years, programs derived from yoga, a Hindu religious practice, have been introduced into public schools in the U. S. Advocates for the programs say they help children to relax and concentrate, but critics counter that the programs violate the separation of church and state.

Advocates of defined contribution plans point out that each employee has the ability to tailor the investment portfolio to his or her individual needs and financial situation, including the choice of how much to contribute, if anything at all.

According to International Advocates for Justice, Falun Gong has filed the largest number of human rights lawsuits in the 21st century and the charges are among the most severe international crimes defined by international criminal laws.

Advocates of the symbolic interpretation believe it harmonizes better with other LDS beliefs, and with beliefs in the greater Christian community, as it does not require that God have a physical throne within this universe.

Advocates of inclusive language defend it as inoffensive-language usage whose goal is multi-fold:

Advocates of linguistic polygenesis do not accept the notion of a fully developed Proto-Human language and consider the world's language families independent developments of a proto-linguistic form of communication used by archaic Homo sapiens.

Advocates of gender-neutral language argue that language is rich in alternatives that speakers and writers, sensitive to attitudes and beliefs of audiences, can use without impinging on the effectiveness of their communication.

Advocates have been calling for Chinese language services to be available in the community centers to accommodate the growing number of Chinese residents in the area.

Advocates of the promotion of Low German have expressed considerable hope that this political development will at once lend legitimacy to their claim that Low German is a separate language and help mitigate the functional limits of the language that may still be cited as objective criteria for a mere dialect ( such as the virtually complete absence from legal and administrative contexts, schools, the media, etc.

* Advocates of non-sexist language including some feminists say that the English language perpetuates biases against women, such as using male-gendered terms such as " he " and " man " as generic.

Advocates of the language emphasize its speed, facility in handling arrays, and expressive syntax.

Advocates of an Aramaic original also refer to the patristic writings ( Papias, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius, Jerome ) that indicate Aramaic was the original written language of parts of the New Testament.

Advocates argue that excessive foul language is the proof of a deliberate montage of the recordings using extrinsic audio samples.

Advocates of the hunting hypothesis tend to believe that tool use and toolmaking essential to effective hunting were an extremely important part of human evolution, and trace the origin of language and religion to a hunting context.

Advocates of this idea suggest that this discourages petty vandalism yet encourages artists to take their time and produce great art, without worry of being caught or arrested for vandalism or trespassing.

Advocates of free-market socialism, such as Jaroslav Vanek, argue that genuine free markets are not possible under conditions of private ownership over productive property because the class differences and inequalities in income and power that ensue from this arrangement enable interests of the dominant class to skew the market to their favor, either in the form of monopoly and market power, or by utilizing their wealth and resources to pass government regulations and policies that benefit their specific business interests.

Advocates of ontological innocence see in the grammatical plural simply another way to refer to exactly the same things that the singular form commits us to.

Advocates of limited government, in the form laissez faire ( little or no government role in the economy ) follow from the 19th century philosophical tradition classical liberalism, and are particularly associated with the mainstream economic schools of classical economics ( through the 1870s ) and neoclassical economics ( from the 1870s onwards ), and with the heterodox Austrian school.

Advocates of sound finance ( in the US known as fiscal conservatism ) reject Keynesianism and, in the strongest form, argue that government should always run a balanced budget ( and a surplus to pay down any outstanding debt ), and that deficit spending is always bad policy.

Advocates often suggest local purchasing as a form of moral purchasing.

Advocates of the traditional form of the Stations ending with the body of Jesus being placed in the tomb say the Stations are intended as a meditation on the atoning death of Jesus, and not as a complete picture of His life, death, and resurrection.

Advocates of offshore banking often characterise government regulation as a form of tax on domestic banks, reducing interest rates on deposits.

His target was Scottish political conservatism, in the form of the Faculty of Advocates, and he brought on young Whig advocates imbued with a due reverence for the law.

Advocates of soft balancing have proposed a number of mechanisms through which states engage in this form of balancing, including diplomacy, diplomatic coalitions, international institutions and agreements, statecraft mechanisms such as territorial denial, as well as economic initiatives and multilateral and regional economic endeavours that exclude the superpower in the process.

Advocates of using ' ageism ' also believe it makes common cause with older people fighting against their own form of age discrimination.

In 1999 The Pride Collaborative merged with COLLEAGUES, a national organization that sponsored the annual Out & Equal Summit aimed at human resource professionals and LGBT employees, to form Out & Equal Workplace Advocates, and the current organizational structure was born.