Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature until the 1960s, while urban interests and African Americans were under-represented.

* 1831 – Nat Turner's slave rebellion commences just after midnight in Southampton County, Virginia, leading to the deaths of more than 50 whites and several hundred African Americans who are killed in retaliation for the uprising.

Author James Basker states that the song has been employed by African Americans as the " paradigmatic Negro spiritual " because it expresses the joy felt at being delivered from slavery and worldly miseries.

African American Vernacular English | AAVE-influenced non-rhotic pronunciations may be African American Vernacular English | found among African Americans throughout the country.

African Americans ( also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes ) are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or significant partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.

African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States.

Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States.

* African Americans in the 1960s

* Military history of African Americans

* African Americans in France

* Index of articles related to African Americans

* Lists of African Americans

A History of African Americans, by John Hope Franklin, Alfred Moss, McGraw-Hill Education 2001, standard work, first edition in 1947.

The cuisine of the American South has been influenced by the many diverse inhabitants of the region, including Americans of European descent, Native Americans and African Americans.

Together with earlier arrivals to the United States ( including the indigenous American Indians, Hispanic and Latino Americans, particularly in the West, Southwest, and Texas ; African Americans who came to the United States in the Atlantic slave trade ; and early colonial migrants from Britain, France, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere ), these new waves of immigrants had a pro profound impact on national or regional cuisine.

The earliest reports of this style of a cappella music involved African Americans.

* Antipsychotics, particularly atypicals, appear to cause diabetes mellitus and fatal diabetic ketoacidosis, especially ( in US studies ) in African Americans.

African Americans and Native Americans with this allele have a reduced risk of developing alcoholism.

In 1947, Jackie Robinson signed a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking the color barrier that had prevented talented African American players from entering the white-only major leagues.

* August 23 – Yusef Hawkins is shot in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn, New York, sparking racial tensions between African Americans and Italian Americans.

Until Jackie Robinson was hired by the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1946, a gentlemen's agreement also ensured that African American players were excluded from organized baseball.

Kinloch, as an African American community, developed out of a land purchase model similar to the Brooklyn, Illinois model.

He has also directed productions of Tennessee Williams's The Glass Menagerie, Stephen Sondheim's Company ( which had the first ever African American " Bobby "), Alan Bennett's Habeas Corpus and his farewell duo of Chekhov's Uncle Vanya and Twelfth Night, which transferred to the Brooklyn Academy of Music.

In July the same year King Sunny Adé was inducted into the Afropop Hall of Fame, at the Brooklyn African Festival U. S. A.

Fort Greene is also home to the Brooklyn Academy of Music, the Brooklyn Music School, The Paul Robeson Theater, The Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts, BRIC Arts | Media | Bklyn, UrbanGlass, 651 Arts performing center for African-American presenters, The Irondale Center for Theater, Education, and Outreach, the Mark Morris Dance Center and Lafayette Church.

With over five thousand items in its collection, the Brooklyn Museum boasts one of the largest collections of African art in any American art museum.

Then he taught the shekere, a West African percussion instrument, at the Griot Institute at Intermediate School 246 in Brooklyn.

Brooklyn rapper Reggi Wyns and London-based South African female singer Mpho Skeef were the featured vocalists.

As the civil war intensified, more immigrants followed, creating a vibrant community with African restaurants and businesses, and others working and building businesses across the area, notably in the Nostrand Avenue area of Brooklyn.

The color line in American baseball excluded players of black African descent from Major League Baseball and affiliated minor leagues, until Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers organization for the 1946 season and in 1947, both Robinson in the National League and Larry Doby with the American League's Cleveland Indians appeared in games for the first time in MLB history.

The racial makeup of Brooklyn Heights was 17, 397 ( 77 %) White, 1, 581 ( 1. 5 %) African American, 1, 129 ( 5 %) Asian, 225 ( 1 %) from other races, and 451 ( 2 %) from two or more races.

* Yenser, Thomas ( editor ), Who's Who in Colored America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in America, Who's Who in Colored America, Brooklyn, New York, 1930-1931-1932 ( Third Edition )

During 2008-2009, he was the subject of a major midcareer survey in both Australia and the USA ; starting in September 2008 at the MCA Sydney and toured to the Brooklyn Museum, New York in June 2009 and the Museum of African Art at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC in October 2009..

* Yenser, Thomas ( editor ), Who's Who in Colored America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in America, Who's Who in Colored America, Brooklyn, New York, 1930-1931-1932 ( Third Edition )

From Bedford-Stuyvesant, African Americans have since moved into the surrounding areas of Brooklyn, such as East New York, Crown Heights, Brownsville and Fort Greene.

Peters was born in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, in New York City to an African American father and Jewish mother.

The area known as Brooklyn ( until it was also annexed by the city in 1909 ) was once suburban and predominantly white until World War II, when it became the backbone of Oakland's African American community due to an influx of workers from the southeastern U. S. and the exodus of more prosperous whites to suburbs south and east of the city, such as San Leandro, Hayward and Walnut Creek.

She participated in the New York City-wide boycott led by the African American community in Brooklyn calling for equality in education.

Also in 1982, the APSP founded the African National Reparations Organization, and the First World Tribunal on Reparations for African People was held in Brooklyn, New York.

The 1980s was a time of much racial tension in the city, including the highly-publicized murders of three African Americans in " white " neighborhoods in separate incidents: Willie Turks in the Gravesend section of Brooklyn in 1982 ; Michael Griffith in Howard Beach, Queens in 1986 ; and Yusef Hawkins in Brooklyn's Bensonhurst neighborhood in 1989, in addition to the much-publicized " subway vigilante " shootings by Bernhard Goetz in 1984.

* 1961 – CONCP is founded in Casablanca as a united front of African movements opposing Portuguese colonial rule.

Members founded the organization as the South African Native National Congress ( SANNC ) on 8 January 1912 at the Waaihoek Wesleyan Church in Bloemfontein to increase the rights of the black South African population.

In cooperation with the South African Communist Party, MK was founded in 1961.

Afrikaner directly translated means " African " and subsequently refers to all Afrikaans speaking people in Africa who have their origins in the Cape Colony founded by Jan Van Riebeeck.

The Kingdom of Dahomey was a powerful west African state that was founded in the seventeenth century and survived until 1894.

The music and dance forms of the African diaspora, including African American music and many Caribbean genres like soca, calypso and Zouk ; and Latin American music genres like the samba, rumba, salsa ; and other clave ( rhythm )- based genres, were founded to varying degrees on the music of African slaves, which has in turn influenced African popular music.

The International African Institute ( IAI ) was founded ( as the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures ) in 1926 in London for the study of African languages.

* 1908 – The Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority becomes the first Greek-letter organization founded and established by African American college women.

* 1960 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.

* 1957 – The African Convention is founded in Dakar, Senegal.

* 1853 – Cecil Rhodes, English-South African businessman and politician, founded De Beers ( d. 1902 )

* 1912 – The African National Congress is founded.

As a reaction to their exclusion from political representation, the Kikuyu people, the most subject to pressure by the settlers, founded in 1921 Kenya's first African political protest movement, the Young Kikuyu Association, led by Harry Thuku.

In 1944 Thuku founded and was first chairman of the multi-tribal Kenya African Study Union ( KASU ), which in 1946 became the Kenya African Union ( KAU ).

Then he founded the West African National Secretariat to work for the decolonization of Africa.

Dissatisfied with Nkumbula's leadership of the African National Congress, he broke away and founded the Zambian African National Congress, later becoming the head of the United National Independence Party.

* 1829 – South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa ; it will later separate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.