Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation coming from the sun.

Although nearly all of the ultraviolet spectrum of radiation is non-ionizing, at the same time ultraviolet radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than is accounted for by heating effects ( an example is sunburn ).

Although there is much overlap in the requirements and use of instruments, ordinary CD instruments are usually optimized for operation in the ultraviolet, approximately 170 – 300 nm, while MCD instruments are typically required to operate in the visible to near infrared, approximately 300 – 2000 nm.

Although research published in December 2009 ruled out this possibility, research published in 2012 suggest that a source may be organic compounds on meteorites that are converted to methane by ultraviolet radiation.

Although the process is only about 50 % efficient, and half the original laser power is lost, the resulting ultraviolet light couples much more efficiently to the target plasma and is much more effective in collapsing the target to high density.

Although the element is only mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal and its radioisotopes present a high health risk in case of radiation leaks.

Although X-rays are most commonly used, the beam is not always electromagnetic radiation.

Although modern quantum optics tells us that there also is a semi-classical explanation of the photoelectric effect — the emission of electrons from metallic surfaces subjected to electromagnetic radiation — the photon was historically ( although not strictly necessarily ) used to explain certain observations.

Although hair provides protection against harmful UV radiation, since our hominin ancestors were bipedal, only our heads were exposed to the noonday sun.

Although nuclear testing was halted in 1990, radiation poisoning, birth defects, severe anemia, and leukemia are very common in the area.

Although it is often claimed that the photoelectric and Compton effects require a quantum description of the EM field, this is now understood to be untrue, and proper proof of the quantum nature of radiation is now taken up into modern quantum optics as in the antibunching effect.

Although their extreme blast and heat effects are not eliminated, it is the enormous radiation released by ERWs that is meant to be a major source of casualties.

Although not usually a factor in the thermal radiation of stars, polarization is also present in radiation from coherent astronomical sources ( e. g. hydroxyl or methanol masers ), and incoherent sources such as the large radio lobes in active galaxies, and pulsar radio radiation ( which may, it is speculated, sometimes be coherent ), and is also imposed upon starlight by scattering from interstellar dust.

Although the exposure might be minimal, many people find radiation exposure especially frightening because it is something they cannot see or feel, and it therefore becomes an unknown source of danger.

Although the detonation of a dirty bomb using such a source might seem terrifying, it would be hard to assemble the bomb and transport it without severe radiation damage and possible death of the perpetrators involved.

* 1948-Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman estimate " the temperature in the Universe " at 5 K. Although they do not specifically mention microwave background radiation, it may be inferred.

For a hypothetical proton lifetime of 10 < sup > 37 </ sup > years, Adams and Laughlin calculate that proton decay will raise the effective surface temperature of an old one-solar mass white dwarf to approximately 0. 06 K. Although cold, this is thought to be hotter than the temperature that the cosmic background radiation will have 10 < sup > 37 </ sup > years in the future .< sup >, § IVB .</ sup >

Although causation cannot be confirmed in these cases, caution should still be used when prescribing radiation therapy for keloids, particularly when treating younger patients. It may occasionally be appropriate as treatment for keloids resistant to other therapies.

) Although radiation levels in the water have declined over time, the longer-lived isotopes will continue to pose risks for tens of thousands of years.

Although such an antenna is resonant and works perfectly well at the higher frequency, the antenna radiation pattern is also altered compared to the half-wave dipole.

Although their exteriors are subjected to intense solar radiation that can alter their chemistry, their interiors contain pristine material essentially untouched since the planetesimal was formed.

Although there are claims that participants in the Crossroads tests were well protected against radiation sickness, the Oscar-nominated documentary Radio Bikini showed footage of Navy sailors wearing little or no protection during their inspection of the target ships only hours after the explosions, even though some of the observer ships were caught in the fallout of the Baker explosion.

Although trained in the delivery of chemotherapy, radiation oncologists in Australia and New Zealand rarely prescribe it.

Although the radiation of an omnidirectional antenna is symmetrical in azmuthal directions, it may vary in a complicated way with elevation angle, having lobes and nulls at different angles.

Although he is perfectly willing to cooperate with Scotland Yard, Holmes has nothing but contempt for the intelligence and mentality of the police.

Although we continue to pay our conversational devotions to `` free private enterprise '', `` individual initiative '', `` the democratic way '', `` government of the people '', `` competition of the marketplace '', etc., we live rather comfortably in a society in which economic competition is diminishing in large areas, bureaucracy is corroding representative government, technology is weakening the citizen's confidence in his own power to make decisions, and the threat of war is driving him economically and physically into the ground ''.

Although it is constantly made to look foolish ( too simple to come in out of the rain, people say, who have found in the innocent an impediment ), it does not mind looking foolish because it is not concerned with how it looks.

Although open to the general public it is not overcrowded ; ;

Although we have no measures of its strength or intensity, the heritage of the doctrine of inalienable rights is retained.

Although because of the important achievements of nineteenth century scholars in the field of textual criticism the advance is not so striking as it was in the case of archaeology and place-names, the editorial principles laid down by Stevenson in his great edition of Asser and in his Crawford Charters were a distinct improvement upon those of his predecessors and remain unimproved upon today.

Although Patchen has given previous evidence of an interest in jazz, the musical group that he works with, the Chamber Jazz Sextet, is often ignored by jazz critics.

Although the false glamour surrounding bourbon or other whisky commercials is possibly no more fatuous than the pseudo-sophistication with which TV soft-drinks are downed or toothpaste applied, there is a sad difference between enticing a viewer into sipping Oopsie-Cola and gulling him into downing bourbon.

Although the United States and the U.S.S.R. have been arguing whether there shall be four, five or six top assistants, the most important element in the situation is not the number of deputies but the manner in which these deputies are to do their work.

`` Although it is not the best of which he is capable '', said Shelley as he closed the book, `` it is still poetry of a high order ''.

Although Sam Rayburn affects a gruff exterior in many instances, nevertheless he is fundamentally a man of warm heart and gentle disposition.

Although a similar situs for tangible property is mentioned in the statute, this is cancelled out by the provision that definite kinds of property `` and all other tangible property '' situated or being in any town is taxable where the property is situated.

Although much of the Industrial Division's promotional effort is devoted to securing new locations and expansions by major industries, small business is also afforded considerable attention.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.

Although it happens on such a small scale as to be invisible to the naked eye, it's sufficient for the computer to register multiple key strokes inadvertently.

Although the rule still applies, the visible fuselage " waisting " can only be seen on a few aircraft, such as the B-1B Lancer, Learjet 60, and the Tupolev Tu-160 ' Blackjack ' — the same effect is now achieved by careful positioning of aircraft components, like the boosters and cargo bay on rockets ; the jet engines in front of ( and not directly below ) the wings of the Airbus A380 ; the jet engines behind ( and not purely at the side of ) the fuselage of a Cessna Citation X ; the shape and location of the canopy on the F-22 Raptor ; and the image of the Airbus A380 above showing obvious area rule shaping at the wing root, which is practically invisible from any other angle.

Although the critic Vincent Canby described it in 1987 as " that invisible screen that forever separates the audience from the stage ," postmodern art forms frequently either do away with it entirely, or make use of various framing devices to manipulate it in order to emphasize or de-emphasize certain aspects of the production, according to the artistic desires of the work's creator.

Although the word latent means hidden or invisible, in modern usage for forensic science the term latent prints means any chance or accidental impression left by friction ridge skin on a surface, regardless of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of deposition.

" Although the flame test will show the presence of lead and fusel oils, it will not reveal the presence of methanol ( also poisonous ), which burns with an invisible flame.

Although his work predated the microscope, this led him to suggest that life came from invisible eggs.

Although invisible to the naked eye, the dot produced by this laser mouse is captured as the color purple because CCDs are sensitive to a broader light wavelength range than the human eye.

Although very active, they are seldom seen as they freeze if disturbed, relying on their intricately patterned plumage to render them invisible, or else fade silently and rapidly into the undergrowth ( flying away only if surprised or chased ).

Although usually invisible, a kobold can materialise in the form of an animal, fire, a human being, and a candle.

Although invisible, inside organizations power inequality of the " boss-subordinates relationships " is functional and according to Hofstede reflects the way inequality is addressed in the society.

Although the Maitlands remain invisible to Charles and Delia, their daughter Lydia can see the ghost couple and befriends them.

Although this scar will never become invisible, it is usually placed under the swimsuit line so it is covered by clothes.

Although it is beneficial to document details about the service architecture, the service abstraction design principle dictates that any internal details about the service are invisible to its consumers so that they do not develop any unstated couplings.

Although Paul would have been invisible to Alia due to his own prescience, Duncan's possession of the gene would explain Leto's use of him as a genetic " stud " and his great desire to mate him with Siona.

Although largely invisible from outside the vehicle, certain modifications such as low profile tires, altered suspension, and the addition of spoilers can change the overall appearance of the car.

Although at the time she is too young to be a witch, Granny gives her an imaginary invisible hat to boost her confidence.

Although very large ( the apparent size of two full moons as seen from Earth ), the ring is virtually invisible – it was discovered using NASA's infra-red Spitzer Space Telescope.

Although the results passed back might come from a third party handler, this was essentially invisible to the client.

Although results are invisible to the naked eye, surface treating modifies surfaces to improve adhesion.