Amalric of Bena ( Amaury de Bène or Amaury de Chartres ; Almaricus, Amalricus, Amauricus ; died c. 1204-1207 ) was a French theologian, after whom the Amalricians are named.

In 1204 his doctrines were condemned by the university, and, on a personal appeal to Pope Innocent III, the sentence was ratified, Amalric being ordered to return to Paris and recant his errors.

According to Hosea Ballou, then Pierre Batiffol ( 1911 ) and George T. Knight ( 1914 ) Amalric was a believer that all people would eventually be saved and this was one of the counts upon which he was declared a heretic by Pope Innocent III.

Amalric I of Jerusalem ( also Amaury or Aimery ) ( 1136 – 11 July 1174 ) was King of Jerusalem 1163 – 1174, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession.

Amalric was the second son of Melisende of Jerusalem and Fulk of Jerusalem, and succeeded his older brother Baldwin III.

Amalric, who had been given the County of Jaffa as an apanage when he reached the age of majority in 1151, remained loyal to Melisende in Jerusalem, and when Baldwin invaded the south, Amalric was besieged in the Tower of David with his mother.

Baldwin III died on 10 February 1163 and the kingdom passed to Amalric, although there was some opposition among the nobility to Agnes ; they were willing to accept the marriage in 1157 when Baldwin III was still capable of siring an heir, but now the Haute Cour refused to endorse Amalric as king unless his marriage to Agnes was annulled.

The vizier, Dirgham, had recently overthrown the vizier Shawar, and marched out to meet Amalric at Pelusium, but was defeated and forced to retreat to Bilbeis.

In response Dirgham sought help from Amalric, but Shirkuh and Shawar arrived before Amalric could intervene and Dirgham was killed.

Amalric could not follow up on his success in Egypt because Nur ad-Din was active in Syria, having taken Bohemund III of Antioch and Raymond III of Tripoli prisoner at the Battle of Harim during Amalric's absence.

The year 1166 was relatively quiet, but Amalric sent envoys to the Byzantine Empire seeking an alliance and a Byzantine wife, and throughout the year had to deal with raids by Nur ad-Din, who captured Banias.

In 1167, Nur ad-Din sent Shirkuh back to Egypt and Amalric once again followed him, establishing a camp near Cairo ; Shawar again allied with Amalric and a treaty was signed with the caliph al-Adid himself.

Shirkuh negotiated for peace and Alexandria was handed over to Amalric.

Once Amalric gave up on this point he was able to marry Maria in Tyre on August 29, 1167.

* Mathieu Amalric, French actor and director born in 1965

Maria Comnena had borne Amalric two daughters: Isabella, who would eventually marry four husbands in turn and succeed as queen, was born in 1172 ; and a stillborn child some time later.

Amalric II of Jerusalem or Amalric I of Cyprus, born Amalric of Lusignan ( 1145 – 1 April 1205 ), King of Jerusalem 1197 – 1205, was an older brother of Guy of Lusignan.

Husband and wife reconciled by 1136 and a second son, Amalric, was born.

Sometime before 1136 Fulk reconciled with his wife, and a second son, Amalric was born.

They had two daughters, Sybilla ( born 1198 ) and Melisende ( born 1200 ), and one son, Amalric ( 1201 – 1205 ).

Sometime before 1136 Fulk reconciled with his wife, and a second son, Amalric was born.

* Louis Jean Amalric de Narbonne-Lara, born in Paris, unmarried and without issue

He was born in Champagne and came to the east in the 1160s, where he served King Amalric I, to whom he was distantly related.

* July 11 – King Amalric I of Jerusalem ( b. 1136 )

* 1205 – King Amalric II of Jerusalem ( b. 1145 )

He took refuge with King Amalric I of Jerusalem, whose favour he gained, and who invested him with the Lordship of Beirut.

* Amalric I of Jerusalem, King of Jerusalem from 1162 to 1174

* Amalric II of Jerusalem, King of Jerusalem from 1197 to 1205

In 1194, on the death of Guy, he became King of Cyprus as Amalric I.

After Eschiva's death in October 1197 he married Isabella, the daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem by his second marriage, and became King of Jerusalem in right of his wife and crowned at Acre in January 1198.

Egypt's capital was permanently moved to Cairo, which was eventually expanded to include the ruins of Fustat and the previous capitals of al-Askar and al-Qatta ' i. While the Fustat fire successfully protected the city of Cairo, a continuing power struggle between Shawar, King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and Zengid general Shirkuh led to the downfall of the Fatimid establishment.

Before Raymond and Bohemond arrived, Agnes and King Baldwin arranged for Sibylla to be married to a Poitevin newcomer, Guy of Lusignan, whose older brother Amalric of Lusignan was already an established figure at court.

* Amalric II succeeds Henry II of Champagne as King of Jerusalem.

Following William's return to Jerusalem in 1165, King Amalric I made him an ambassador to the Byzantine Empire.

In 1167 he was appointed archdeacon of the cathedral of Tyre by Frederick de la Roche, archbishop of Tyre, with the support of King Amalric I.

Before Raymond and Bohemond arrived, however, Agnes and King Baldwin arranged for Sibylla to be married to a Poitevin newcomer, Guy of Lusignan, whose older brother Amalric of Lusignan was already an established figure at court.

He claimed to have been commissioned to write by King Amalric himself, but William did not allow himself to praise the king excessively ; for example, Amalric did not respect the rights of the church, and although he was a good military commander, he could not stop the increasing threat from the neighbouring Muslim states.

William accused them of hindering the Siege of Ascalon in 1153 ; of poorly defending a cave-fortress in 1165, for which twelve Templars were hanged by King Amalric ; of sabotaging the invasion of Egypt in 1168 ; and of murdering Assassin ambassadors in 1173.

Emperor Manuel, whom William met during his visits to Constantinople, was portrayed more ambivalently, much like King Amalric.

# 1173: The Assassins of Syria enter negotiations with Amalric I, King of Jerusalem, with the aim of converting to Christianity.

Here he acted as regent until the arrival of the new King, Amalric II.