Amalric of Bena ( Amaury de Bène or Amaury de Chartres ; Almaricus, Amalricus, Amauricus ; died c. 1204-1207 ) was a French theologian, after whom the Amalricians are named.

In 1204 his doctrines were condemned by the university, and, on a personal appeal to Pope Innocent III, the sentence was ratified, Amalric being ordered to return to Paris and recant his errors.

According to Hosea Ballou, then Pierre Batiffol ( 1911 ) and George T. Knight ( 1914 ) Amalric was a believer that all people would eventually be saved and this was one of the counts upon which he was declared a heretic by Pope Innocent III.

Amalric I of Jerusalem ( also Amaury or Aimery ) ( 1136 – 11 July 1174 ) was King of Jerusalem 1163 – 1174, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession.

Amalric was born in 1136 to King Fulk, the former count of Anjou who had married the heiress of the kingdom, Melisende, daughter of King Baldwin II.

Amalric, who had been given the County of Jaffa as an apanage when he reached the age of majority in 1151, remained loyal to Melisende in Jerusalem, and when Baldwin invaded the south, Amalric was besieged in the Tower of David with his mother.

Baldwin III died on 10 February 1163 and the kingdom passed to Amalric, although there was some opposition among the nobility to Agnes ; they were willing to accept the marriage in 1157 when Baldwin III was still capable of siring an heir, but now the Haute Cour refused to endorse Amalric as king unless his marriage to Agnes was annulled.

The vizier, Dirgham, had recently overthrown the vizier Shawar, and marched out to meet Amalric at Pelusium, but was defeated and forced to retreat to Bilbeis.

In response Dirgham sought help from Amalric, but Shirkuh and Shawar arrived before Amalric could intervene and Dirgham was killed.

Amalric could not follow up on his success in Egypt because Nur ad-Din was active in Syria, having taken Bohemund III of Antioch and Raymond III of Tripoli prisoner at the Battle of Harim during Amalric's absence.

The year 1166 was relatively quiet, but Amalric sent envoys to the Byzantine Empire seeking an alliance and a Byzantine wife, and throughout the year had to deal with raids by Nur ad-Din, who captured Banias.

In 1167, Nur ad-Din sent Shirkuh back to Egypt and Amalric once again followed him, establishing a camp near Cairo ; Shawar again allied with Amalric and a treaty was signed with the caliph al-Adid himself.

Shirkuh negotiated for peace and Alexandria was handed over to Amalric.

Once Amalric gave up on this point he was able to marry Maria in Tyre on August 29, 1167.

These three propositions were further developed by his followers, who maintained that God revealed Himself in a threefold revelation, the first in the Biblical patriarch Abraham, marking the epoch of the Father ; the second in Jesus Christ, who began the epoch of the Son ; and the third in Amalric and his disciples, who inaugurated the era of the Holy Ghost.

Nevertheless, in 1171 Amalric visited Constantinople himself and envoys were sent to the kings of Europe for a second time, but again no help was received.

After Eschiva's death in October 1197 he married Isabella, the daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem by his second marriage, and became King of Jerusalem in right of his wife and crowned at Acre in January 1198.

Husband and wife reconciled by 1136 and a second son, Amalric, was born.

Sometime before 1136 Fulk reconciled with his wife, and a second son, Amalric was born.

She was the daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his second wife Maria Comnena, making her a younger half-sister of King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem.

After the death of his first wife, he married again at Tripoli in January 1218 Melisende de Lusignan ( c. 1200 – after 1249 ), Princess of Cyprus, daughter of Amalric II of Jerusalem and his second wife Isabella of Jerusalem.

Sometime before 1136 Fulk reconciled with his wife, and a second son, Amalric was born.

* Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem ( c. 1150 – 1208 / 17 ), second wife of King Amalric I of Jerusalem and mother of Isabella of Jerusalem

Melisende was the youngest daughter of King Amalric I of Cyprus and his second wife Queen Isabella of Jerusalem.

Soon it was designated as the apanage of Fulk's second son, Amalric.

Amalric died of dysentery ( allegedly brought on by " a surfeit of white mullet ") or even poisoned at Saint Jean d ' Acre on 1 April 1205, just after his son Amalric and four days before his wife, and was buried at Saint Sophia, Nicosia.

She was supported by, among others, Manasses of Hierges, who essentially governed for her as constable ; her son Amalric, whom she set up as Count of Jaffa ; Philip of Milly ; and the Ibelin family.

Amalric was succeeded by his young son, Baldwin IV, who was discovered at a very young age to be a leper.

Amalric II had already inherited Cyprus from Guy, and had been crowned king by Frederick Barbarossa's son, Emperor Henry VI.

Melisende with her younger son Amalric and others sought refuge in the Tower of David.

In 1160 she gave her assent to a grant made by her son Amalric to the Holy Sepulchre, perhaps on the occasion of the birth of her granddaughter Sibylla to Agnes and Amalric.

Baldwin IV of Jerusalem ( 1161 – 16 March 1185 ), called the Leper or the Leprous, the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife, Agnes of Courtenay, was king of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185.

The mid-thirteenth century Old French Continuation of William of Tyre ( formerly attributed to Ernoul ) claims that Agnes advised her son to marry Sibylla to Guy, and that Amalric had brought Guy to Jerusalem specifically for him to marry Sibylla.

Fulk was survived by his son Geoffrey of Anjou by his first wife, and Baldwin III and Amalric I by Melisende.

In 1174 Amalric died and was succeeded by his son Baldwin IV, who was still too young to rule on his own and furthermore was suffering from leprosy.

However, Agnes of Courtenay advised her son to have Sibylla married to the newly-arrived Frankish knight Guy of Lusignan, brother of her personal constable, Amalric of Lusignan, who Ernoul claims was her lover.

They had two daughters, Sybilla ( born 1198 ) and Melisende ( born 1200 ), and one son, Amalric ( 1201 – 1205 ).

King Amalric died in 1205 of food-poisoning caused by white mullet, four days before his wife, and shortly after their infant son.

He was a son of Isabella, daughter of Leo II of Armenia, and Amalric, a son of Hugh III of Cyprus, and was made Governor of Serres in 1328 and until 1341.

After her divorce from Amalric, she held the lands and incomes of the County of Jaffa, while Joscelin's son Joscelin III held the nominal title Count of Edessa, being in reality the lord of a small seigneurie near Acre.

# Isabella ( b. 12 January 1276 / 11 January 1277 – murdered May 1323 ), twin with Sempad ; married in 1293 with Amalric of Lusignan, Prince of Tyre, son of King Hugh III of Cyprus.

Fulk was survived by his son Geoffrey of Anjou by his first wife, and Baldwin III and Amalric I by Melisende.

Agnes and Amalric made their home in the royal court, where Queen Melisende acted as regent for her son Baldwin III while he was on campaign.