This is an idealized mathematical model: real physical Diesels do have an increase in pressure during this period, but it is less pronounced than in the Otto cycle.

The idealized Otto cycle of a gasoline engine approximates constant volume during that phase, generating more of a spike in a p-V diagram.

The formula is more complex than the Otto cycle ( petrol / gasoline engine ) relation that has the following formula ;

The Otto cycle by comparison has both the heat addition and rejection at constant volume.

Comparing the two formulae it can be seen that for a given compression ratio (), the ideal Otto cycle will be more efficient.

And the ideal Otto cycle formula stated above does not include throttling losses, which do not apply to Diesel engines.

This is in contrast to igniting it with a spark plug as in the Otto cycle ( four-stroke / petrol ) engine.

The diesel internal combustion engine differs from the gasoline powered Otto cycle by using highly compressed hot air to ignite the fuel rather than using a spark plug ( compression ignition rather than spark ignition ).

The Otto cycle in 1877 was capable of giving a far higher power to weight ratio than steam engines and worked much better for many transportation applications such as cars and aircraft.

The lightweight petrol internal combustion engine, operating on a four-stroke Otto cycle, has been the most successful for light automobiles, while the more efficient Diesel engine is used for trucks and buses.

In thermodynamics, heat engines are often modeled using a standard engineering model such as the Otto cycle.

** Otto cycle ( e. g. Gasoline / Petrol engine, high-speed diesel engine )

* Four-stroke engine ( Otto cycle )

Four-stroke cycle ( or Otto cycle ) 1.

In thermodynamic terms it follows the Otto engine cycle, so may be thought of as a " four-phase " engine.

Idealised Pressure volume diagram | P / V diagram for two-stroke Otto cycle

Idealised Pressure volume diagram | Pressure / volume diagram of the Otto cycle showing combustion heat input Qp and waste exhaust output Qo, the power stroke is the top curved line, the bottom is the compression stroke

Engines based on the four-stroke (" Otto cycle ") have one power stroke for every four strokes ( up-down-up-down ) and employ spark plug ignition.

Otto cycle:

Otto cycle is the typical cycle for most of the cars internal combustion engines, that work using gasoline as a fuel.

Otto cycle is exactly the same one that was described for the four-stroke engine.

PV diagram for Otto cycle

The systems capture the wasted heat of the four-stroke Otto cycle with an injection of air or water.

* 1913 – Otto Witte, an acrobat, is purportedly crowned King of Albania.

* 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria

He is rumored to have been a relative of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III.

Former Browns QB Otto Graham ( left, with head coach Paul Brown ), who led the Browns to 4 AAFC and 3 NFL Championships, and is a Pro Football Hall of Fame member. While the championship losses sowed bitterness among Cleveland fans who had grown accustomed to winning, the team continued to make progress.

A statue in the Cathedral of Magdeburg that is often assumed to represent Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor | Otto and Edith

Nothing is known of her until in order to seal an alliance between two Saxon kingdoms, her half-brother, King Athelstan of England, sent two of his sisters to Germany, instructing the Duke of Saxony ( later Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor ) to choose whichever one pleased him best.

Most of what is known about Pre-Contact (" Ancient ") Chamorros comes from legends and myths, archaeological evidence, Jesuit missionary accounts, and observations from visiting scientists like Otto von Kotzebue and Louis de Freycinet.

The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway ( EMP pathway ), which was first discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof.

In mathematics, a generalized mean, also known as power mean or Hölder mean ( named after Otto Hölder ), is an abstraction of the Pythagorean means including arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means.

Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne.

Matilda bore him three sons, one called Otto, and two daughters, Hedwig and Gerberga and founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.

In documents from 1170 Judith is named as a living person, but according to chronicles from 1177 her husband Otto I was already married to his second wife, Ada of Holland.

The Krugerrand is so named because the obverse, designed by Otto Schultz, bears the face of Boer statesman Paul Kruger, four-term president of the old South African Republic.

: This form is also called the Hesse standard form, after the German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse.

The only scene with Otto that remains in the film is during the crucifixion sequence.

Temperature-Entropy diagram The idealized diagrams of a four-stroke Otto cycle Pressure volume diagram | Both diagrams: the < span style =" margin: 1px ; background :# 10ff00 ;"> intake ( A ) </ span > stroke is performed by an Isobaric process | isobaric expansion, followed by an Adiabatic process | adiabatic < span style =" margin: 1px ; background :# ffae21 ;"> compression ( B ) </ span > stroke.

The idealized four-stroke Otto cycle Pressure volume diagram | p-V diagram: the < span style =" margin: 1px ; background-color: # 10ff00 ;"> intake ( A ) </ span > stroke is performed by an Isobaric process | isobaric expansion, followed by the < span style =" margin: 1px ; background-color: # ffae21 ;"> compression ( B ) </ span > stroke, performed by an Adiabatic process | adiabatic compression.

From 1850 onwards he became well known as a critic and essay-writer, and in 1860 he began working on his magnum opus, his History of Music, which was published at intervals from 1862 in five volumes, the last two ( 1878, 1882 ) being edited and completed by Otto Kade and Wilhelm Langhans.

Cameron also points out that whether he refers to Plato or to Crantor, the statement does not support conclusions such as Otto Muck's " Crantor came to Sais and saw there in the temple of Neith the column, completely covered with hieroglyphs, on which the history of Atlantis was recorded.

Otto Rohm invented acrylic resin, which quickly transformed into acrylic paint.

Otto was surprised by the speed of his enemy and was thought to have been caught unprepared by the King of France ( which has probably attracted the emperor in this piège ).

For this purpose, the NSC established an interagency working group which in turn coordinated the Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America and the Caribbean ( managed by Otto Reich ), which conducted the campaign.

In 1919 Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund leader Alfred Roth, writing under the pseudonym Otto Arnim, published the book The Jew in the Army which he said was based on evidence gathered during his participation on the Judenzählung.

" When Berman was killed in a hit on Berman's boss, Dutch Schultz, Runyon quickly assumed the role of damage control for his deceased friend, correcting erroneous press releases ( including one that stated Berman was one of Schultz's gunmen, to which Runyon replied, " Otto would have been as effective a bodyguard as a two-year-old.

Also, while in New Guinea, he visited the Lutheran missionaries Otto Thiele and Christian Keyser, in the Finschhafen district ; there, while in conversation with his hosts, he uncovered the discrepancies in Hermann Detzner's popular book, Four Years among the Cannibals in German Guinea from 1914 to the Truce, in which Detzner claimed to have seen the interior, discovered several species of flora and fauna, while remaining only steps ahead of the Australian patrols sent to capture him.

At the turn of the 20th century, Otto Stolz, Paul du Bois-Reymond, Giuseppe Veronese, and others produced controversial work on non-Archimedean models of Euclidean geometry, in which the distance between two points may be infinite or infinitesimal, in the Newton – Leibniz sense.

In 1663 the German physicist Otto von Guericke created the first electric generator, which produced static electricity by applying friction in the machine.

The chronicler Richerus claims that Eadgifu wrote letters both to Edmund and to Otto I in which she requested support for her son.

Her many memorable screen roles include a supporting role as Joan Crawford's wise-cracking friend in Mildred Pierce ( 1945 ) for which she received an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress, and James Stewart's wistful secretary in Otto Preminger's then-explicit murder mystery, Anatomy of a Murder ( 1959 ).

Among the commercial successes for German films of the 1980s were the Otto film series beginning in 1985 starring comedian Otto Waalkes, Wolfgang Petersen's adaptation of The NeverEnding Story ( 1984 ), and the internationally successful Das Boot ( 1981 ), which still holds the record for most Academy Award nominations for a German film ( six ).

In the latest elections, which took place in 2011, Retired General Otto Pérez Molina of the Patriotic Party won the presidential election in a runoff against populist Manuel Baldizón of the LIDER party.

He did paint the old character mustache over his real one on a few rare performing occasions, including a TV sketch with Jackie Gleason on the latter's variety show in the 1960s ( in which they performed a variation on the song " Mister Gallagher and Mister Shean ," co-written by Marx's uncle Al Shean ) and the 1968 Otto Preminger film Skidoo.

* 983: Otto III became the first ruling " King of the Romans ", which meant " future Emperor ".

In 936, Otto I the Great was crowned as king at Aachen ; his coronation as emperor by the Pope at Rome in 962 inaugurated what became later known as the Holy Roman Empire, which became to be identified with Germany.

( Otto founded the Wittelsbach dynasty, which was to rule Bavaria until 1918.

As his son, Frederick II, though already elected king, was still a small child and living in Sicily, German princes chose to elect an adult king, which resulted in the dual election of Frederick Barbarossa's youngest son Philip of Swabia and Henry the Lion's son Otto of Brunswick, who competed for the crown.

In 1851, Otto Funke published a series of articles in which he described growing hemoglobin crystals by successively diluting red blood cells with a solvent such as pure water, alcohol or ether, followed by slow evaporation of the solvent from the resulting protein solution.

Under the protocol signed on 7 May 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and basically dealing with the way in which the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority ( while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £ 2, 400, 000 sterling ), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier.