Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic, Kabyle and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history.

Today Algeria contains, in its literary landscape, big names having not only marked the Algerian literature, but also the universal literary heritage in Arabic and French.

He was a cultivated patron of literature and art, and it was in his time that the first printing press authorized to use the Arabic or Turkish languages was set up in Constantinople, operated by Ibrahim Muteferrika ( while the printing press had been introduced to Constantinople in 1480, all works published before 1729 were in Greek, Armenian, or Hebrew ).

Arabic literature had contributions by thousands of figures, many of them are not only poets but are celebrates in other fields such as politicians, scientists and scholars among others.

Kitab al-Aghani ( Book of Songs ), a collection of poems and songs with the stories of the composers and singers in many volumes from the oldest epoch of Arabic literature down to the 9th cent.

** Taghribat Bani Hilal ( Arabic ); see also Arabic epic literature

** Antar ( Arabic ); see also Arabic epic literature

** Sirat al-Zahir Baibars ( Arabic ); see also Arabic epic literature

In fact, he distinguished himself so notably that the emperor Frederick II., the most genial and enlightened monarch of the time, invited him to come to Naples, and, under the emperor's auspices, to devote himself to his studies, particularly to the rendition of scientific Arabic literature into the more accessible Hebrew language.

Jerusalem had an extensive library not only of ancient and medieval Latin works but of Arabic literature, much of which was apparently captured from Usamah ibn Munqidh and his entourage after a shipwreck in 1154.

The libraries often employed translators and copyists in large numbers, in order to render into Arabic the bulk of the available Persian, Greek, Roman and Sanskrit non-fiction and the classics of literature.

Juha was originally a separate folk character found in Arabic literature as early as the 9th century, and was widely popular by the 11th century.

Category: Arabic literature

He is regarded as one of the first contemporary writers of Arabic literature, along with Tawfiq el-Hakim, to explore themes of existentialism.

Gerbert insisted that Atto teach him more about these Arabic princes who seemed to him more interested in the sciences and literature than warfare.

Satire was introduced into Arabic prose literature by the Afro-Arab author Al-Jahiz in the 9th century.

The severe persecution of the famous expert in Arabic literature, Nasr Abu Zayd, is an example of this.

Shem ( ; Sēm ; Arabic: Sām ; Ge ' ez: ሴም, Sēm ; " renown ; prosperity ; name ") was one of the sons of Noah in the Hebrew Bible as well as in Islamic literature.

It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language.

He left his native town at a young age for Baghdad to study Arabic literature and Islamic sciences at Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad.

The tales themselves trace their roots back to ancient and medieval Arabic, Persian, Indian, Egyptian and Mesopotamian folklore and literature.

It spans the spectrum of musical genres, and often fuses many musical influences, ranging from Ethiopian, Middle-Eastern soul, rock, jazz, hip-hop, electronic, Arabic, pop and mainstream.

) While Rotokas has a small alphabet because it has few phonemes to represent ( just eleven ), Book Pahlavi was small because many letters had been conflated — that is, the graphic distinctions had been lost over time, and diacritics were not developed to compensate for this as they were in Arabic, another script that lost many of its distinct letter shapes.

The historical order was abandoned in Runic and Arabic, although Arabic retains the traditional " abjadi order " for numbering.

The name " abjad " is derived from the Arabic word for alphabet.

Abjads differ from abugidas, another category invented by Daniels, in that in abjads, the vowel sound is implied by phonology, and where vowel marks exist for the system, such as nikkud for Hebrew and harakāt for Arabic, their use is optional and not the dominant ( or literate ) form.

However, most modern abjads, such as Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Avestan, are " impure " abjads, that is, they also contain symbols for some of the vowel phonemes.

The word used in the Arabic language for allegiance is bay ' at ( Arabic: بيعة ), which means " taking hand ".

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

However Abdul is a common Arabic prefix meaning " Servant of the " and " Al " is Arabic for " the ", and if " hazra " means " he prohibited ", " he fenced in " or " Great Lord ", then the name would mean " Servant of the Prohibited ", " Servant of the Fenced in ", or " Servant of the Great Lord " which would make sense considering his role, even if it is not a proper Arabic name.

The modern name for amber is thought to come from the Arabic word, ambar, meaning ambergris.

The term " Almoravid " comes from the Arabic " al-Murabitun " () which is the plural form of " al-Murabit " literally meaning " One who is tying " but figuratively means " one who is ready for battle at a fortress ".

Contemporaries frequently referred to them as the al-mulathimun (" the veiled ones ", from litham, Arabic for " veil ").

Arabic numerals is the conventional name for the entire family of related systems of Arabic and Indian numerals.

Although the phrase " Arabic numeral " is frequently capitalized, it is sometimes written in lower case: for instance, in its entry in the Oxford English dictionary.

( See G. F. Hill, The Development of Arabic Numerals in Europe for more examples.

) In central Europe, the King of Hungary Ladislaus the Posthumous, started the use of Arabic numerals, which appear for the first time in a royal document of 1456.

The Arabic numeral glyphs 0-9 are encoded in ASCII and UTF-8 at positions 0x30 to 0x39, matching up with the second hex-digit for convenience:

It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur ( Akkadian: ; Aramaic: ; Hebrew: ; Arabic: ).

One may also acquire Tasbih and recite the names of Allah in such manner as " SubahannAllah " or Glory be to Allah in Arabic over and over again to acquire good deeds.

One of the first written references is from an anonymous 13th-century North Africa / Andalusian cookbook, Kitāb al-tabǐkh fǐ al-Maghrib ( North Africa ) wa ' l-Andalus ( Arabic ) " The cookbook of the Maghreb and Al-Andalus ", with a recipe for couscous that was ' known all over the world '.

Galen continued to exert an important influence over the theory and practice of medicine until the mid-17th century in the Byzantine and Arabic worlds and Europe.

Recent studies make clear no significant genetic differences exist between Arabic and non-Arabic speaking populations, highlighting that in common with most of the Arab World, Arabization was mainly via acculturation of indigenous populations over time and intermarriage between Arabs and Berbers.

The Arabic word found as ḥuzn and ḥazan in the Qur ' an and hüzün in modern Turkish refers to the pain and sorrow over a loss, death of relatives in the case of the Qur ' an.

The locals speak Hejazi Arabic, but languages from all over the Muslim world can be found amongst the pilgrims.

Sufis have spanned several continents and cultures over a millennium, at first expressed through Arabic, then through Persian, Turkish and a dozen other languages.

The muqam system developed among the Uyghur in northwest China and Central Asia over approximately the last 1500 years from the Arabic maqamat modal system that has led to many musical genres among peoples of Eurasia and North Africa.

Averroes's works were spread over 20, 000 pages covering a variety of different subjects, including early Islamic philosophy, logic in Islamic philosophy, Arabic medicine, Arabic mathematics, Arabic astronomy, Arabic grammar, Islamic theology, Sharia ( Islamic law ), and Fiqh ( Islamic jurisprudence ).

* Iran jointly administers with the UAE an island in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE ( Arabic Abu Musa, Persian, Jazireh-ye Abu Musa ), over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992, including access restrictions.

* Castillo de Alambes, a 15th century fortification built over the Arabic Alcazar.

" The Cappella Palatina, at Palermo, the most wonderful of Roger's churches, with Norman architecture | Norman doors, Islamic architecture | Saracenic arches, Byzantine architecture | Byzantine dome, and roof adorned with Arabic alphabet | Arabic scripts, is perhaps the most striking product of the brilliant and mixed civilization over which the grandson of the Norman Trancred ruled " ( from EB1911 | 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica ).

The historian Joseph Needham is open to the possibility but doubts that Arabic ships at the time would have been able to withstand a return journey over such a long distance across the Atlantic Ocean and points out that a return journey would have been impossible without knowledge of prevailing winds and currents.

The Hyksos or Hycsos (; Egyptian heqa khasewet, " foreign rulers "; Greek,, Arabic: < span lang =" ar "> الملوك الرعاة </ span >, shepherd kings ) were an Asiatic people who took over the eastern Nile Delta, ending the thirteenth dynasty, and initiating the Second Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt.

Dalida collected 19 number one hit singles to her name in four languages ( French, Italian, German, and Arabic ) and has a long list of top 10, and top 20 hits in French, Italian, German, Spanish, and Arabic, and accumulated myriad top selling singles and albums largely, in France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Greece, Canada, Russia, Japan, and Israel, spanning over forty years.

In August 2010 the castle's website was mistakenly hacked and taken over by an Algerian group who blanked the pages and inserted anti-Semitic texts in Arabic.

The manuscript collection of the University of Tehran includes over 17, 000 volumes of manuscripts in Persian, Arabic and Turkish.