* Extent of the atonement – Arminians, along with four-point Calvinists or Amyraldians, hold to a universal drawing and universal extent of atonement instead of the Calvinist doctrine that the drawing and atonement is limited in extent to the elect only, which many Calvinists prefer to call ' particular redemption '.

* 1952 – Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines

The redesigned AIM for Mac is a full universal binary Cocoa API application that supports both Tiger and Leopard – Mac OS X 10. 4. 8 ( and above ) or Mac OS X 10. 5. 3 ( and above ).

The universal aqueous acid – base definition of the Arrhenius concept is described as the formation of water from a proton and hydroxide ions, or hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions from the dissociation of an acid and base in aqueous solution:

A more successful " New Version " by Bishop Mark Hildesley ( 1698 – 1772 ) was in use until 1824 when English liturgy became universal on the island.

The first of these symbols were intended to be fully universal ; since Latin was the common language of science at that time, they were abbreviations based on the Latin names of metals – Cu comes from Cuprum, Fe comes from Ferrum, Ag from Argentum.

# no universal sequence of stages is apparent – analysis, design and implementation are contemporary and inextricably linked

Isaac Newton's ( 1642 – 1727 ) mathematical explanation of universal gravitation explained the behavior both of objects here on earth and of objects in the heavens in a way that promoted a worldview in which the natural universe is controlled by laws of nature.

Suffrage is universal and compulsory for literate persons ages 18 – 65 and optional for 16 and 17 years of age and other eligible voters.

Slang and jargon have developed to some extent, but such features interfere with universal communication – the whole point of Esperanto – and so have generally been avoided.

In the years 1931 – 1939 the Gdynia harbour was further extended to become a universal seaport.

This division of coding theory into compression and transmission is justified by the information transmission theorems, or source – channel separation theorems that justify the use of bits as the universal currency for information in many contexts.

Britain organized the first general election to be held under universal franchise on 5 – 10 February 1951.

The introduction of universal suffrage for men and women favored the Rechtspartei ( party of the Right ), which played the dominant role in the government throughout the 20th century, with the exception of 1925 – 26 and 1974 – 79, when the two other important parties, the Liberal and the Social-Democratic parties, formed a coalition.

Several researchers, including Nobel Prize winner Dr. Richard Smalley ( 1943 – 2005 ), attacked the notion of universal assemblers, leading to a rebuttal from Drexler and colleagues, and eventually to an exchange of letters.

Today, the most common – but far from universal – cartographic convention is that North is at the top of a map.

Marxism – Leninism supports widespread universal social welfare.

German unification had been one of the major objectives during the widespread revolutions of 1848 – 49, when representatives of the German states met in Frankfurt and drafted a constitution creating a federal union with a national parliament to be elected by universal male suffrage.

But the decision proved the precursor of the long Avignon Papacy, the " Babylonian captivity " ( 1309 – 77 ), in Petrarch's phrase, and marks a point from which the decay of the strictly Catholic conception of the pope as universal bishop may be dated.

Minsky ( 1967 ) observes ( as does Boolos-Burgess-Jeffrey ( 2002 ) pp. 94 – 95 ) that the U defined above is in essence the μ-recursive equivalent of the universal Turing machine:

A 1969 study by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay claimed to demonstrate that color terminology is subject to universal semantic constraints, and hence to discredit the Sapir – Whorf hypothesis.

The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of cultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal.

Although principally a museum of cultural art objects and antiquities today, the British Museum was founded as a " universal museum ".

Accordingly, most of these anthropologists showed less interest in comparing cultures, generalizing about human nature, or discovering universal laws of cultural development, than in understanding particular cultures in those cultures ' own terms.

Cross-cultural psychiatrist Arthur Kleinman contends that the Western bias is ironically illustrated in the introduction of cultural factors to the DSM-IV: the fact that disorders or concepts from non-Western or non-mainstream cultures are described as " culture-bound ", whereas standard psychiatric diagnoses are given no cultural qualification whatsoever, is to Kleinman revelatory of an underlying assumption that Western cultural phenomena are universal.

The telling of stories appears to be a cultural universal, common to basic and complex societies alike.

A major question of debate is the question of whether human psychological faculties are mostly universal and innate or whether they are mostly a result of learning, and hence subject to cultural and social processes that vary between places and times.

Everett did not draw the conclusion that it was the lack of numbers in their language that prevented them from grasping mathematics, but instead concluded that the Pirahã had a cultural ideology that made them extremely reluctant to adopt new cultural traits, and that this cultural ideology was also the reason that certain linguistic features that were otherwise believed to be universal did not exist in their language.

The deciding committee which evaluates potential candidates described their reasons for choosing Syracuse because " monuments and archeological sites situated in Syracuse are the finest example of outstanding architectural creation spanning several cultural aspects ; Greek, Roman and Baroque ", following on that Ancient Syracuse was " directly linked to events, ideas and literary works of outstanding universal significance ".

Commonly referred to as a universal museum, encyclopedic museums have collections representative of the world and typically include art, science, history, and cultural history.

His approach, later named cultural relativism, resists universal values of any kind.

According to this view the incest taboo is not necessarily a universal, but is likely to arise and become more strict under cultural circumstances that favour exogamy over endogamy, and likely to become more lax under circumstances that favor endogamy.

Although Kant considered these mediating structures universal, his student Johann Gottfried Herder argued that human creativity, evidenced by the great variety in national cultures, revealed that human experience was mediated not only by universal structures, but by particular cultural structures as well.

The debates over the Statement on Human Rights, then, was not merely over the validity of cultural relativism, or the question of what makes a right universal.

* It attempts to expose and reconcile the division of knowledge, to overcome the split between tacit cultural knowledge and objective ( universal ) forms of knowledge.

" To promote the research, creation, conservation and transmission of universal knowledge and the cultivation of science, arts and letters ; to contribute to the spiritual and cultural development of the country, in keeping with its traditional historical values ; to train competent graduates and professionals equipped with the knowledge and capacity needed to exercise their respective professions ; to bestow all levels of academic degree, especially that of Bachelor ’ s Degree, Master ’ s Degree and Doctor of Philosophy, and professional degrees in the fields of Juridical Sciences, Health, Economics, Business, Social and Human Resource Administration, the Humanities, Engineering Sciences, Communications, Architecture, Design, Fine Arts and others ".

This is an anomaly in the Americas where language shift towards European colonial languages ( in this case, the other official language of Spanish ) has otherwise been a nearly universal cultural and identity marker of mestizos ( people of mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry ), and also of culturally assimilated, upwardly mobile Amerindian people.

Stories are universal in that they can bridge cultural, linguistic and age-related divides.

Whether ethnicity qualifies as a cultural universal is to some extent dependent on the exact definition used.

There are also conscientious supporters of identity politics who have developed their stances on the basis of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's work, and have described some forms of identity politics as strategic essentialism, a form which has sought to work with hegemonic discourses to reform the understanding of " universal " goals.

* Mohism, which advocated the idea of universal love: Mozi believed that " everyone is equal before heaven ", and that people should seek to imitate heaven by engaging in the practice of collective love.

Ásatrú groups and the individual Ásatrúarmenn have no universal means of practice.

Further, proponents of the necessity of the personal apostolic succession of bishops within the Church point to the universal practice of the undivided early Church ( up to AD 431 ), before being divided into the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

* Brazil: Brazil introduced universal BCG immunization in 1967-1968, and the practice continues until now.

The universal use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens.

The practice of apostolic succession both ensures the legitimacy of the church's mission and establishes the unity, communion, and continuity of the local church with the universal church.

The words are separated by engraved dots, a common but by no means universal practice, and long vowels are marked by Apex ( diacritic ) | apices.

He wrote that if there is some mental fact that works in practice the way that a universal would, that fact is a universal.

If there is, such as in some denominations of Wicca, it is a particular of the denomination in question, and not a universal practice.

In 1987, the practice of universal precautions was adjusted by a set of rules known as body substance isolation.

Nowadays and in isolation, practice of universal precautions has historical significance.

This community became the first self-governing nation to practice universal suffrage without distinction of sex or race.

For alternating current electrical power, the universal practice is to specify RMS values of a sinusoidal waveform.

The 79 canons were renewed from earlier councils, and emphasized the duty of Easter Communion in one's own parish church, and of abstinence on Saturday for beneficed persons and ecclesiastics, in honour of the Blessed Virgin, a practice begun three centuries earlier on the occasion of the Truce of God, but no longer universal.

This practice is due to the fact that sentence structure is analyzed in terms of a universal schema, the X-bar schema, which sees each head as projecting at least three levels of structure: a minimal level, an intermediate level, and a maximal level.

Numbering was a nearly universal practice at the time, and thought to be important in the removal of one's self from the potential for emotional attachment to the subject being studied.

Belief in each is diffuse, universal, and removed from the origin of the practice.

This practice is nearly universal in the Midwest, where intense and fast moving thunderstorms occur frequently.

However, many Protestants and Roman Catholics do refer to Sunday as Sabbath, though this is by no means a universal practice among Protestants and Catholics.

It was the first self-governing nation to practice universal suffrage without distinction of sex or race.

* 1790 – Samuel Hahnemann rages against the prevalent practice of bloodletting as a universal cure and founds homeopathy

A uniquely Irish penitential system was eventually adopted as a universal practice of the Church by the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215.

There is no universal regulatory authority for the practice of osteopathy or osteopathic medicine within the European Union ; it is on a country by country basis.