From this belief is derived the practical orientation of our policy on the `` uncommitted '' ( `` neutralist '', `` contested '' ) nations, especially on those whose leaders make the most noise -- Nehru, Tito, Nkrumah, Sukarno, Betancourt, etc..

The radio radiation of the sun which is reflected from the moon and planets should be negligible compared with their thermal emission at centimeter wave lengths, except possibly at times of exceptional outbursts of solar radio noise.

One of the greatest problems associated with automatic leveling is establishing a true level in the presence of high-level acceleration noise.

Below this level, the amplifier gain Af is proportional and is of small value, in order to provide adequate noise filtering.

The effect is that the platform returns from an off-level position at a rapid rate until it is nearly level, at which point the platform is controlled by a proportional servo with low enough frequency response so that the noise has little effect on the leveling process.

If high accuracy is required in preflight leveling, it is usually necessary to integrate or doubly integrate the accelerometer outputs ( this also minimizes the noise problem ).

A traditional Lao explanation is that the moon was being swallowed by a toad, and the remedy was to make all possible noise, ideally with firearms.

As a result of having an actuator controlled precisely with air pressure via a servosystem, the movement is very fluid and there is very little noise.

In practice an analog signal is subject to electronic noise and distortion introduced by communication channels and signal processing operations, which can progressively degrade the signal-to-noise ratio.

The primary disadvantage of analog signaling is that any system has noise – i. e., random unwanted variation.

This is impossible to recover, since amplifying the signal to recover attenuated parts of the signal amplifies the noise ( distortion / interference ) as well.

Even if the resolution of an analog signal is higher than a comparable digital signal, the difference can be overshadowed by the noise in the signal.

One of the most important components of analytical chemistry is maximizing the desired signal while minimizing the associated noise.

Thermal noise is white noise meaning that the power spectral density is constant throughout the frequency spectrum.

The root mean square value of the thermal noise in a resistor is given by

Shot noise is a type of electronic noise that occurs when the finite number of particles ( such as electrons in an electronic circuit or photons in an optical device ) is small enough to give rise to statistical fluctuations in a signal.

With C-message weighting, a one-milliwatt, 1000 Hz tone will read + 90 dBrn, but the same power as white noise, randomly distributed over a 3 kHz band will read approximately + 88. 5 dBrn, because of the frequency weighting.

It may incorporate live machine sounds, non-musical vocal techniques, physically manipulated audio media, processed sound recordings, field recordings, computer generated noise, stochastic processes and other randomly produced electronic signals such as distortion, feedback, static, hiss and hum.

The signal is time-locked to the stimulus and most of the noise occurs randomly, allowing the noise to be averaged out with averaging of repeated responses.

( Dark noise is a phenomenon in which randomly spaced bright pixels appear in images due to the heat from the image device during shooting ).

The IRT approach includes a left asymptote parameter to account for guessing in multiple choice examinations, while the Rasch model does not because it is assumed that guessing adds randomly distributed noise to the data.

That is, whereas ( digital ) white noise can be produced by randomly choosing each sample independently, Brown noise can be produced by adding a random offset to each sample to obtain the next one.

For factors which vary randomly over space ( tree to tree or stand to stand ), the best solution is to collect sufficient data ( more samples ) to compensate for confounding noise.

Since the reflected pulses are unavoidably embedded in electrical noise, their measured values are randomly distributed, so that the transit time must be estimated.

Texture images of stochastic textures look like noise: colour dots that are randomly scattered over the image, barely specified by the attributes minimum and maximum brightness and average colour.

Assuming a uniform distribution of input signal values, the quantization noise is a uniformly distributed random signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of one quantization level, making the amplitude ratio 2 < sup > n </ sup >/ 1.

White noise draws its name from white light in which the power spectral density of the light is distributed over the visible band in such a way that the eye's three color receptors ( cones ) are approximately equally stimulated.

However, shot noise energy is not always well distributed throughout the bandwidth of interest.

is the sum of the input and noise,, where is independent and identically distributed and drawn from a zero-mean normal distribution with variance ( the noise ).

In either case, the noise at different pixels can be either correlated or uncorrelated ; in many cases, noise values at different pixels are modeled as being independent and identically distributed, and hence uncorrelated.

In simple cases ( normally distributed random noise being a classic ) the distribution of trends can be calculated exactly without simulation.

and 1993's Perfect Teeth ( distributed by the influential British label 4AD Records ) featured finely crafted pop songs interspersed with strange avant-garde percussive and sonic tracks ( sometimes featuring nothing but white noise, beeps or sirens ).

Note that this averaging is possible only if the signal contains perfect equally distributed noise ( i. e. if the A / D is perfect and the signal's deviation from an A / D result step lies below the threshold, the conversion result will be as inaccurate as if it had been measured by the low-resolution core A / D and the oversampling benefits will not take effect ).

The quantization noise is the same both in a Nyquist converter ( in yellow ) and in an oversampling converter ( in blue ), but it is distributed over a larger spectrum.

In more underground forms of music, such as noise music, black metal or punk, demos are often distributed by bands to fans as self-releases, or sold at a very low price.

Here, the quantization noise is once again assumed to be uniformly distributed.

For low-resolution ADCs, low-level signals in high-resolution ADCs, and for simple waveforms the quantization noise is not uniformly distributed, making this model inaccurate.

Fat-tail distributed or " impulsive " noise is sometimes called salt-and-pepper noise or spike noise.

If film grains are uniformly distributed ( equal number per area ), and if each grain has an equal and independent probability of developing to a dark silver grain after absorbing photons, then the number of such dark grains in an area will be random with a binomial distribution ; in areas where the probability is low ; this distribution will be close to the classic Poisson distribution of shot noise.

The statistics are performed under the assumption that are Poisson distributed, which is appropriate for photon noise in the data.

In a letter to the Washington Evening Star published after the explosion, Muenter writing under an assumed name, said he hoped that the detonation would “ make enough noise to be heard above the voices that clamor for war .” J. P. Morgan ’ s company served as Great Britain ’ s principal U. S. purchasing agent for munitions and other war supplies.

It was assumed that the drummer had brought these plagues of noise upon Mompesson's head by witchcraft.

Ryan then wounded Mrs. Betty Tolladay who had stepped out of her house to admonish Ryan – whom she had assumed had been shooting at paper targets in the woods – for making noise, before running towards Hungerford Common.

where the θ < sub > 1 </ sub >, ..., θ < sub > q </ sub > are the parameters of the model, μ is the expectation of ( often assumed to equal 0 ), and the, ,... are again, white noise error terms.

Most of the additional noise appears due to a larger-than-expected variability in the stars themselves ( 19. 5 ppm as opposed to the assumed 10. 0 ppm ), with the rest due to instrumental noise sources slightly larger than predicted.

Often Gaussian noise or Poisson statistics are assumed.

It is a generative model: the data is assumed to arise by first probabilistically picking a point in a low-dimensional space, mapping the point to the observed high-dimensional input space ( via a smooth function ), then adding noise in that space.

clapping and shouting study, people who were alone but told that they were part of a group screaming or clapping could have thought that there was a set level of noise that experimenters were looking for, and so assumed they could work less hard to achieve this level depending on the size of the group.

One is assumed to have knowledge of the spectral properties of the original signal and the noise, and one seeks the linear time-invariant filter whose output would come as close to the original signal as possible.

The input to the Wiener filter is assumed to be a signal,, corrupted by additive noise,.

E < sub > b </ sub >/ N < sub > 0 </ sub > is commonly used with modulation and coding designed for noise-limited rather than interference-limited communication, since additive white noise ( with constant noise density N < sub > 0 </ sub >) is assumed.

In other words it is assumed that most editions of a given works is filled with noise and errors provided by publishers, why it is important to produce " scholarly editions ".

Due to its almost perfect regularity, it was at first assumed to be spurious noise, but this hypothesis was promptly discarded.