Asbridge, however, fails to note that the recent Turkish conquests of Anatolia and southern Syria had shattered the tense but relatively stable balance of power that a somewhat revived Byzantine Empire had gradually developed with earlier Islamic powers over the course of the 10th and early 11th century.

As Thomas Asbridge wrote, " Just as we can do nothing more than estimate the number of thousands who responded to the crusading ideal, so too, with the surviving evidence, we can gain only a limited insight into their motivation and intent.

This argument distinguishes the relatively recent violence and warfare that followed the conquests of the Turks from the general advance of Islam, the significance of which is dismissed by Runciman and Asbridge.

" Previous generations of scholars argued that the crusaders were motivated by greed, hoping to find a better life away from the famines and warfare occurring in France, but as Asbridge notes, " This image is ... profoundly misleading.

" Noted historian Thomas Asbridge offers a gripping account of a titanic three-year adventure filled with miraculous victories, greedy princes and barbarity on a vast scale.

Asbridge also describes the horrific Jerusalem massacre of 1099 when the crusaders, driven on by an intense religious devotion, unleashed an unholy wave of brutality, slaughtering thousands of Muslims, all in the name of Christianity.

* Thomas Asbridge, The First Crusade: A New History.

Thomas Asbridge argues that the First Crusade was Pope Urban II's attempt to expand the power of the church, and reunite the churches of Rome and Constantinople, which had been in schism since 1054.

* Thomas S. Asbridge and Susan B. Edgington, trans.

* Asbridge, Thomas.

The First Crusade: A New History ( 2004 ) is a history book by Thomas Asbridge, a University of London medieval history scholar.

* Thomas S. Asbridge and Susan B. Edgington ( translators ), 1999.

Thomas S. Asbridge and Susan B. Edgington, Ashgate, 1999.

He is a trustee for the common good, however feeble the safeguards which the positive or municipal law of property provides against his misuse of that share of the common fund, wisely or unwisely, entrusted to his keeping.

As instructed, Yueh takes Leto prisoner ; however, suspecting that the Baron has already killed Wanna, Yueh provides the captive Leto with a fake tooth filled with poisonous gas as a means to kill the Baron ( though Leto would die as well ).

It also provides for nationality by virtue of birth in the territory of state ; however, states may limit this to only children who would be otherwise stateless.

Hot shoeing can be more time-consuming, and requires the farrier to have access to a forge ; however, it usually provides a better fit, as the mark made on the hoof from the hot shoe can show how even it lies.

Shakespeare provides no clear indication of when his play is set ; however, as Elizabethan actors performed at the Globe in contemporary dress on minimal sets, this would not have affected the staging.

There is however a water taxi service operating from the Eastern Shore into Hobart which provides an alternative to the Tasman Bridge.

It may be argued, therefore, that the ability to grow long, straight, densely packed hair provides a distinct evolutionary advantage in cold climate ; however, it would be a distinct disadvantage in a hot climate, when compared to loosely packed, spongy, closely cropped hair.

Any time a flight is operating in VMC, the crew is responsible for seeing and avoiding VFR traffic ; however, since the flight is conducted under Instrument Flight Rules, ATC still provides separation services from other IFR traffic.

" It provides a more expansive definition, however, of the term " Latino.

According to the U. S. Department of State, " The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary ; however, the executive branch has exerted undue influence on the judiciary.

Its main value, however, is seen in the opportunities it offers for the research in the physiology and behaviour of the moose, as well as in the insights it provides into the general principles of animal domestication.

For yet other languages, such as Object Pascal ( Delphi ) and C and C ++, non-core libraries are available ( however, version C ++ 11 provides regular expressions in its Standard Libraries ).

Even for observational data, statistical theory provides a way of calculating a value that can be used to interpret a sample of data from a population, it can provide a means of indicating how well that value is determined by the sample, and thus a means of saying corresponding values derived for different populations are as different as they might seem ; however, the reliability of inferences from post-hoc observational data is often worse than for planned randomized generation of data.

Alone, each indicium does not compel the conclusion that an instance of speech is commercial ; however, " he combination of all these characteristics ... provides strong support for ... the conclusion that the is properly characterized as commercial speech.

This provides something of a passive safety measure, as removing the water from the reactor also slows the nuclear reaction down – however other methods are favored for stopping a reaction and it is preferred to keep the nuclear core covered with water so as to ensure adequate cooling.

The chronicle Gesta Hungarorum provides insight from the Hungarian side ; however this chronicle was written in only the 12th century.

I believe, however, that the crucial explanation lies in another direction: the nuclear hypothesis provides governments with an excuse for not doing what they have no intention of doing anyhow, but for reasons which they find it inconvenient to specify ".

" Bayesian probability provides a rational method for updating beliefs ; however, non-Bayesian updating rules are compatible with rationality, according to Ian Hacking and Bas van Fraassen.

Besides being very wind sensitive, however, this, like all artificial surface devices, only provides a measure of the meteorological potential for dew formation.

Females with a MECP2 mutation, however, have a non-mutant chromosome that provides them enough normal protein to survive longer.

Carbon provides a good degree of backward compatibility for programs to run on the now-obsolete Mac OS 8 and 9, however these systems are no longer actively supported since Apple released the final OS 9 update in December 2001.

Southern Cross Ten also provides short local news updates which are produced in Shepparton, Victoria, however these do not feature significant local content from the Albury-Wodonga region.

This extension is therefore a violation of the Maildir specification, which provides an exhaustive list of the possible contents of a Maildir, however it is a compatible violation and other Maildir software supports Maildir ++.

The SEM method provides an array of morphological features for use in identifying fly eggs ; however, this method does have some disadvantages.

A common misconception about the MX preference ordering is that it is intended to increase the likelihood that mail may be delivered ; however, merely having multiple MX records with the same preference provides this benefit ( see below ).

These little songs, however, were sweet nothings from the heart, tender memories of his childhood, little melodies that anyone could hum and that would make one want to weep.

There was little enough time to contemplate them, however ; ;

In general, however, it may be said that when a boy or a girl leaves the high school, the school authorities play little or no part in the decision of what happens next.

The ordinary man and woman, however, saw little of the great professional games of those Golden Days, or of any other sporting event for that matter.

Several theater operators said, however, that there is little likelihood of the subject being discussed during the three-day affair.

The public, however, seemed to have little interest in a Chaplin film without Chaplin, and it was a box-office disappointment.

The political revolt brought little social change, however, and 19th century Chilean society preserved the essence of the stratified colonial social structure, which was greatly influenced by family politics and the Roman Catholic Church.

Very abundant hydrogen and helium are products of the Big Bang, but the next three elements are rare since they had little time to form in the Big Bang and are not made in stars ( they are, however, produced in small quantities by breakup of heavier elements in interstellar dust, as a result of impact by cosmic rays ).

The remainder of the male calves may be reared for beef or veal ; however, some extreme dairy breeds carry so little muscle that rearing the purebred male calves may be uneconomic, and in this case they are often killed soon after birth and disposed of.

Black is the color of mourning, and since Cretan families are notionally considered so extended as to include great-grandparents or second cousins ( although they may have little actual contact ) as well as all their respective in-laws, one is theoretically justified to be in continuous mourning for some relative or other, however distant.

As von Salza initially hesitated to offer his services, Christian created the military Order of Dobrzyń ( Fratres Milites Christi ) in 1228, however to little avail.

In mainland China, however, Chiang's death was met with little apparent mourning and Communist state-run newspapers gave the brief headline " Chiang Kai-shek Has Died.

This does not mean, however, that little British opium clippers from prior to 1830 were not called " opium clippers " just as they are today.

Initially however, these groups were small and conducted little active raiding into Nicaragua.

The road network is theoretically divided into four categories ( national roads, priority regional roads, secondary regional roads and local roads ), however, the United Nations Joint Logistics Centre ( UNJLC ) reports that this classification is of little practical use because some roads simply do not exist.

Reviewers note, however, that this approach is undermining research, including in genetics, because it results in the grouping of individuals who have very little in common except superficial criteria as per DSM or ICD diagnosis.

Some of these men were executed as early as 83 or 85 however, lending little credit to Tacitus ' notion of a " reign of terror " late in Domitian's reign.

After a month had passed with little progress in the case, police continued to focus their investigation upon Echols, interrogating him more frequently than any other person ; however, they claimed he was not regarded as a direct suspect but a source of information.

There is little support, however, for the idea that FOXP2 is ' the grammar gene ' or that it had much to do with the relatively recent emergence of syntactical speech.

Only his family was told, however, and as the doctors gave Sullivan very little time, the family chose to keep the diagnosis from him.

The frequency response also includes the phase as a function of frequency, however in many cases the phase response is of little or no interest.

It shows little or no Esperanto influence, however.

Ash finds little chance of safety, however, as the bridge leading to the cabin is destroyed.

Attractive and sociable real-life agents such as Valerie Plame find little employment in serious fiction, however.