Before 1800 astronomers had isolated observational errors resulting

* Khaled El-Rouayheb, Before Homosexuality in the Arab – Islamic World, 1500 – 1800 Chicago, 2009.

Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800.

Before valves became common about 1800, the horn could play only the notes of the overtone series from a single fundamental pitch.

Before 1800 they made the Black Dog Trail starting east of Baxter Springs, Kansas and going northwest to their summer hunting grounds at the Great Salt Plains in present-day Alfalfa County.

Before 1800 the western part of the Sauerland was part of the County of the Mark based in Altena ; the eastern part adhered to the County of Arnsberg, later became known as the Duchy of Westphalia and was owned by the Archbishops and Electorate of Cologne.

* British Authors Before 1800: A Biographical Dictionary, edited by Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft, New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1952.

Before 1800, swim bladders of sturgeon ( primarily Beluga sturgeon from Russia ) were used as a source of isinglass, a form of collagen used historically for the clarification of beer, as a predecessor for gelatin, and to preserve parchments.

Before the Act of Union of 1800, which united the Kingdom of Ireland with the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, there was also a Black Rod in the Irish House of Lords.

Before 1800, it had a disjunct range in the British Isles, absent from central and southern Scotland, with S. vulgaris zetlandicus in the far north and northwest ( Shetland, Orkney, Caithness, Outer Hebrides ), and S. vulgaris vulgaris south of the Scottish-English border ; it was also rare or regionally absent in Ireland, western Wales and western and northernmost England.

Before 1800 it was split between many minor rulers, then it became the border area between the Baden and Württemberg, and embedded in between was the duchy Sigmaringen.

Before 1800 there was practically nothing standing in the area today called San Ġiljan, except for Spinola Palace, the old church, and a few fishermen ’ s huts and farmers ’ dwellings dotting the countryside.

Before 1800, Jonathan Coombs built a sawmill and gristmill.

* British Authors Before 1800: A Biographical Dictionary, edited by Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft, New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1952.

Before 1800, there was already a small industry of canned salmon in the Netherlands.

Before the Court of Appeals was created the number of cases handled by the Minnesota Supreme Court amounted to about 1800.

Before 1800, coniferous forests covered most of the watershed, and its streams supported big populations of salmon, steelhead, and other fish.

Before setting out for Paris to crown Napoleon in 1804, Pope Pius VII ( 1800 – 1823 ), signed a document of resignation to take effect if he were imprisoned in France.

Before 1898, there were several short-lived federal bankruptcy laws in the U. S. The first was the act of 1800 which was repealed in 1803 and followed by the act of 1841, which was repealed in 1843, and then the act of 1867, which was amended in 1874 and repealed in 1878.

The Language of the Classical French Organ: A Musical Tradition Before 1800.

Before his death in 1800, Mr. Tunnicliff built an Episcopalian church near his residence, but it was destroyed by fire in 1840.

* British Authors Before 1800: A Biographical Dictionary, edited by Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft, New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1952.

Before 1800 it was re-occupied by the North West Company, who gave it its present name.

Before the year 1800 there were four or five " ship yards " in town, where sailing vessels for navigation on the Hudson were made.

Before long the atmosphere reverted to its old normalcy, and insects hummed and birds occasionally called.

Before them stalked the beadle, proclaiming as he went, `` Thus the Council deals with those who break its laws -- adulterers, thieves, murderers, and lewd persons.

Before you let loose a howl saying we announced its coming, not once but several times, indeed we did.

Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales: a very large order containing almost all monocots with colourful tepals and without starch in their endosperm.

Before its adoption as Australia's national anthem, Advance Australia Fair saw considerable use elsewhere.

Before the production closed it recouped its initial investment.

" Before this, he had published several works on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and its consequences, but his literary capacity was mediocre, his style stiff and cold, and it was his personal character rather than his reputation as a writer that earned him the confidence of the elector.

Before the early 18th century, the East India Company paid for its tea mainly in silver.

Before its merger with HP, it also sponsored the Williams Formula One team when it was still powered by BMW engines.

Before its coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before beginning the construction, the vertex figure ABCD is obtained by cutting each connected edge at ( in this case ) its midpoint.

Before final negotiations were concluded in 1921, however, Afghanistan had already begun to establish its own foreign policy without repercussions anyway, including diplomatic relations with the new government in the Soviet Union in 1919.

Before the revolution Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but then moved more aggressively to block its influence ( arguably leading to its recent rise in public support ).

Before the pup is ready to forage, the mother abandons it, and the pup consumes its own fat for weeks or months while it matures.

Before the 2008 season, Fenway Park's capacity was increased to 37, 373, where it remains following additional renovations for the 2009 season, making its total capacity the fourth smallest, ahead of Marlins Park, the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, and Tropicana Field.

Before the 1980s Soviet war, Afghanistan pursued a policy of neutrality and nonalignment in its foreign relations, being one of a few independent nations to stay neutral in both World War I and World War II.

Before leaving, in a meeting with all the Papal vicars held on April 29, 1357, Albornoz issued the Constitutiones Sanctæ Matris Ecclesiæ, which regulated all the matters of the Papal States and its division into provinces.

Before its acquisition by Google, the gmail. com domain name was used by a free e-mail service offered by Garfield. com, online home of the comic strip Garfield.

Before the merger, the employees of the HBC, unlike the North West Company, did not participate in its profits.

Before Haiti established its independence from French administration in 1804, Haiti ranked as the world's richest and most productive colony.

Before mating, each male excavates a brood site, a saucer-shaped depression under a rock or log with its entrance positioned out of the direct current, usually pointing downstream.

Before 1999, Bhutan had banned television and internet to preserve its culture, environment, its identity etc.