Before the Union Pacific Railroad was started in 1865, St. Joseph was the westernmost point in the United States accessible by rail.

Before Peckham Rye railway station was opened in 1865 the area had developed around two centres: north and south.

Before the close of the war Custer received brevet promotions to brigadier general and major general in the regular army ( March 13, 1865 ) and major general of volunteers ( April 15, 1865 ).

Before Juárez fled, Congress granted him an emergency extension of his presidency, which would go into effect in 1865, when his term expired, and last until 1867, when the last of Maximilian's forces were defeated.

Before her death in 1804 the couple had six children ; Anne Lucinda Lee ( 1790 – 1845 ), Infant Son Lee ( 1791-1791 ), Richard Henry Lee ( Feb 1793-Mar 1793 ), Charles Henry Lee ( b. Oct 1794 ), William Arthur Lee ( b. Sept 1796 ), Alfred Lee ( 1799 – 1865 ).

Before his assassination in April 1865, Abraham Lincoln had announced moderate plans for reconstruction to reintegrate the former Confederates as fast as possible.

Before the Civil War ( 1861 to 1865 ), silver coins were legal tender only up to the sum of $ 5.

* James W. Cortada, Before the Computer: IBM, NCR, Burroughs, and Remington Rand and the Industry They Created, 1865 – 1956 ( Studies in Business and Technology ), ISBN 0-691-05045-7

Before the war ended, Lane was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1865, being confirmed on the last day the Confederate Congress met.

Before 1865 the Irish Conservative Party did not entirely support British conservative policy, but did so after the Irish Church Act 1869.

Before it was broken up Leinster Cricket Club ( founded 1852 ) used it as their grounds, until they moved to their present grounds in Observatory Lane in 1865.

Before 1865, when the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was signed, battles royal often appeared on the undercard of boxing matches.

Notable past and present exhibitions include: The Confederate Years: Battles, Leaders, and Soldiers, 1861 – 1865 ; Women in Mourning ; Before Freedom Came: African-American Life in the Antebellum South ; Embattled Emblem: The Army of Northern Virginia Battle Flag, 1861 – Present ; A Woman ’ s War: Southern Women, Civil War, and the Confederate Legacy ; R. E. Lee: The Exhibition ; The Confederate Navy ; and Virginia and the Confederacy: A Quadricentennial Perspective.

" Before Republicanism: Frank Lawrence Owsley and the Search for Southern Identity, 1865 – 1965.

Before Chile and Peru were even formally aligned, Spain suffered a humiliating naval defeat at the Naval Battle of Papudo on November 26, 1865.

Before the Norman invasion in 1066, the parish of Higher Mutley was owned by a man Alwin of Tamerton, and Lower Mutley by another man called Goodwin, but at the time of the Domesday Book ( 1086 ) both were owned by Odo, whose feudal overlord was Juhel of Totnes.

( Before that, most of the area bounded by Heathrow Road and the Bath Road and Tithe Barn Lane, and extending some way west from that, was one of the open fields of the parish and was called Heathrow Field, and the land southeast of Heathrow Road was common land.

Before Glamsbjerg was a " town " it was a village in Køng parish.

Before 1974, St Ives Borough Council was the principal local authority for what now forms the civil parish of St Ives.

Before the introduction of gas generally in the parish there was a limited supply from the Mill to separate houses.

Before the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 Wisbech was a municipal borough ; it is now a civil parish in the Fenland District.

Before 1908, the parish ( but not the municipality ) of Lyngdal was called Aa.

Before becoming a unified town, Cleethorpes was made up of three small villages, or " thorpes ": Itterby, Oole and Thrunscoe, which were part of a wider parish called Clee ( not to be confused with Old Clee ).

Before 1844, the north of the parish of Wokingham was part of a detached portion, or exclave, of the county of Wiltshire, the border of which is some to the west.

Before taking up residence in his parish he went abroad again, and in Rome he met Chevalier Bunsen, who afterwards dedicated to him part of his work, Hippolytus and his Age.

Before 1714, magistrates were liable to be approached at any time and in any place by people legally recognised as paupers, appealing for aid if parish authorities refused to provide any.

Before 1715 the parish of St.

Before becoming a parish in its own right the village was divided into West Perry ( in the parish of Great Staughton ) and East Perry ( in the parish of Grafham ).

Before the introduction of districts, the basic unit of local government in England was the civil parish, while Hundreds were the only widely used administrative unit between the parish and the county in size.

Before the English Reformation the Church of England was part of the Roman Catholic Church, and Sheffield's medieval parish church of St. Peter ( now the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul ) was the principal Catholic church in the district.

Before 1894 Ashton-in-Makerfield was a township in the parish of Winwick, part of the West Derby Hundred of Lancashire.

Before the 1890s, Newlyn ( like Mousehole ) had strong connections with the nearby parish of Paul.

Before 1974, the parish was part of the Long Ashton Rural District.

Before 1945 the area was part of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia Germany, although Zakrzewo had a very strong and active Polish minority, headed by the parson of a local parish, Bolesław Domański.

Before the 1860s the site of the town was common land in Cefnllys parish.

Before 1974 that the parish was part of the Long Ashton Rural District.

Before 1971, a municipality could be called a town ( stad ), a köping or a rural municipality ( landskommun ); present municipalities which used to be towns are still commonly called towns.

Before 2011 it held the same position in the administrative hierarchy, according to Law 2539 of 1997, the Kapodistrias Plan, except that Ithomi was an independent municipality and Ancient Messene was a local division ( topiko diamerisma ) within it.

Before 1 January 2003, Oostburg was also the name of a municipality.

Before the 14th century Nederweert was part of the municipality of Weert.

Before 2005, Dinxperlo was a separate municipality, covering the town of Dinxperlo itself and the village of De Heurne.

Before 2011 there was also a municipality, since 2011 Lith is a part of Oss.

Before its merger, it was the smallest municipality in the Netherlands, covering an area of only 1. 75 km².

Before its merger with Jacobswoude, the municipality covered an area of 30. 91 km² ( 11. 93 mile² ) of which 3. 94 km² ( 1. 52 mile² ) is water.

Before the merger with Alkemade, the municipality covered an area of 41. 37 km² ( 25. 71 mile² ) of which 4. 88 km² ( 3. 03 mile² ) is water, mainly the lakes Braassemermeer and Wijde Aa.

Before 2007, the municipality covered an area of 38. 50 km² ( 14. 86 mile² ) of which 8. 69 km² ( 3. 36 mile² ) is water.

Before that, the municipality covered an area of 6. 07 km² ( 2. 34 mile² ) of which 0. 21 km² ( 0. 08 mile² ) is water, and had a population of 14851 inhabitants on 1 June 2005.

Before the Kommunalreformen (" The Municipality Reform " of 2007 ), Aabybro Municipality was a municipality ( Danish, kommune ) in North Jutland County on the island of Vendsyssel-Thy, part of the Jutland peninsula, in northern Denmark.

Before January 1, 2007, Blåvandshuk was also the name of a municipality ( Danish, kommune ) that contained the headland.

Before its existence as an independent municipality in 1868, De Pinte was a part of Nazareth.

Before World War II, the municipality was mayored by Nils Tveit from 1916 to 1940.

Before the merger Lillestrøm municipality had a population of 10, 840.

Before the merger the municipality of Harmelen had about 8000 inhabitants.

Before 2011, 48, 000 citizens lived in the city and 94, 158 in the municipality.

Before the 1999 Kosovo War, the municipality had a population estimated by the OSCE to comprise some 116, 500 people, 81 % of them Kosovo Albanian, 10 % Serb and the remainder other ethnicities ( notably Roma ).

Before 1648 it controlled about twice the land area as is currently part of the municipality.

Before the reform the municipality was part of Viborg County.

Before 1770, Pateros was only a barrio of Pasig until the Spanish Governor-General in the Philippines issued a decree making Pateros an independent municipality.