Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term " ocean " itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic.

Before thee, did not other kings possess it for a while, then pass away?

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

Before the introduction of the Phoenix missile, most other US aircraft relied on the smaller, less-expensive AIM-7 Sparrow ; classified as a Medium Range Missile ( MRM ).

Before Wiseman's publication, Thiele had determined from the biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem occurred in the spring of 597 BC, while other scholars, including Albright, more frequently dated the event to 598 BC.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

Before the Dutch retook control of the islands, the British removed many nutmeg trees and transplanted them to Ceylon and other British colonies.

Before Pilate on the other hand it was merely the assertion of his royal dignity which gave ground for his condemnation.

Before 1938, the federal courts, like almost all other common law courts, decided the law on any issue where the relevant legislature ( either the U. S. Congress or state legislature, depending on the issue ), had not acted, by looking to courts in the same system, that is, other federal courts, even on issues of state law, and even where there was no express grant of authority from Congress or the Constitution.

Before the dispute started in 1964 the peoples of Cyprus ( then 77 % Greek Cypriots, 18 % Turkish Cypriots, 5 % other nationalities, including Armenians and Maronites ) were dispersed over the entire island.

He also provided the voice of Jack Skellington, the main character in Tim Burton's animated Disney film The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ), and has since reprised the role in many other subsequent productions, including the Disney / Square video games Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II and the Capcom sequel to the original film, Oogie's Revenge.

) Before a major fire, typical chaparral plant communities are dominated by manzanita, chamise ( also called greasewood or Adenostoma fasciculatum ) and Ceanothus species, Toyon ( which can sometimes be interspersed with scrub oaks ), and other drought-resistant shrubs with hard ( sclerophyllous ) leaves ; these plants resprout ( see resprouter ) from underground burls after a fire.

Before the Service Number was introduced in the 1990s, military personnel were identified on the I discs ( as well as other documents ) by their Social Insurance Number.

Before the Scourge almost all orks were enslaved by other races.

Before heterodyning, radio signals often overrode and interfered with each other.

Before 2007 there existed only a few other places on the Formula 1 calendar with a body of water close to the track.

Before 1950, the term grandmaster was sometimes informally applied to other world class players.

Before the adoption of the current year numbering system, other systems were in use.

Before consolidation of many of these rural school districts in the last half of the twentieth century, Indiana high schools had fewer students than those of most other states ; basketball was a natural game for these schools since it only required five starters and a few reserves.

Before plastics were invented, ivory was important for cutlery handles, musical instruments, billiard balls, and many other items.

Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card catalogue — a cabinet ( or multiple cabinets ) containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified books and other materials.

Before Libya achieved independence, its name was seldom used other than as a somewhat imprecise geographical expression.

Before she died, my mother told me to be happy that I was the son of this other man.

Before memory, too, clouds over, let us make a note or two of what could be seen.

Before his death in Herat, on June 9, 1863, Dost Mohammad Khan had nominated as his successor Sher Ali Khan, his third son, passing over the two elder brothers, Afzal Khan and Azam Khan.

It ran for 63 performances and was followed two years later by The Day Before Spring.

Before leaving, he met Milton Caniff, and the two became lifelong friends.

Before a bodhisattva arrives at the first ground, he or she first must travel the first two of the five paths:

# Before fading in the new track, check that the beats of two tracks match by listening to both channels together in the headphones, as the sound from the speakers can reach you with a delay.

Before November 2001 The World Factbook website was updated yearly ; from 2004 to 2010 it was updated every two weeks ; since 2010 it has been updated weekly.

Before 1873, England had two parallel court systems: courts of " law " that could only award money damages and recognized only the legal owner of property, and courts of " equity " ( courts of chancery ) that could issue injunctive relief ( that is, a court order to a party to do something, give something to someone, or stop doing something ) and recognized trusts of property.

Before Young, only two pitchers had thrown perfect games.

Before the revolution Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but then moved more aggressively to block its influence ( arguably leading to its recent rise in public support ).

Before the 20th century, jewelers used the term water as in " a gem of the finest water " to express the combination of two qualities, color and crystal.

Before D. W. Griffith started directing at Biograph in May 1908, he had seen the two Pathé films just mentioned, and a number of Vitagraph films as well.

Before he was forced abroad for political reasons, director Jules Dassin made two classic noirs that also straddled the major / independent line: Brute Force ( 1947 ) and the influential documentary-style The Naked City were developed by producer Mark Hellinger, who had an " inside / outside " contract with Universal similar to Wanger's.

Before a cell divides, the DNA is copied, so that each of the resulting two cells will inherit the DNA sequence.

Before that, in two separate experiments, Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty had shown that DNA led to the transformation of one strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae to another that was more virulent.

Before the Test series started he scored consecutive centuries against Tasmania and Australia A these were his first in two years.

Before the revelation of Sheldon's identity, Tiptree was often referred to as an unusually macho male ( see, e. g., Robert Silverberg's commentaries ) as well as an unusually feminist science fiction writer ( for a male ) — particularly for " The Women Men Don't See ", a story of two women who go looking for aliens to escape from male-dominated society on Earth.

Before kick-off, Liverpool fans breached a fence which separated the two groups of supporters, and charged the Juventus fans.

Before a battle the sarissa were carried in two pieces and then slid together when they were being used.

Before leaving Prestige, however, Davis had to fulfill his obligations during two days of recording sessions in 1956.

Before Digital Command Control became available, this was one way of controlling two trains separately on the same track.

Before long, the Giants were 6 – 2, but lost two straight to division foes: to the Cowboys 33 – 20 at home, and to the Eagles on the road, putting the G-Men in 2nd place in the NFC East at 6 – 4.

Before the introduction of the term paraphilia in the DSM-III ( 1980 ), the term sexual deviation was used to refer to paraphilias in the first two editions of the manual.

Before the two substances are mixed, they are separately cleaned of foreign matter and dried in a manner that creates large square cakes.

Before the emergence of the T-formation in the 1940s, all members of the offensive backfield were legitimate threats to run or pass the ball, and most teams used four offensive backs on every play: a quarterback, two halfbacks, and a fullback.