Before her, erotica written by women was rare, with a few notable exceptions, such as the work of Kate Chopin.

Before this, cities and counties of sufficiently large populations such as most of Metro Atlanta already had Sunday alcohol sales at bars and restaurants, with local ordinances to abide by, such as having a certain amount of food sales in order to be opened and serve alcohol.

Before then, the government was a Crown colony consisting of either colonial administration solely ( such as the Executive Council ), or a mixture of colonial rule and a partially elected assembly, such as the Legislative Council.

Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminium.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

As the name implies, comic strips can be humorous ( for example, " gag-a-day " strips such as Blondie, Bringing Up Father, Marmaduke and Pearls Before Swine ).

" Generally, comics are not allowed to include such words as " damn ", " sucks ", " screwed " and " hell ", although there have been exceptions such as the September 22, 2010 Mother Goose and Grimm in which an elderly man says, " This nursing home food sucks ," and a pair of Pearls Before Swine comics from January, 2011 with a character named Ned using the word " crappy ".

Before burning the ship, he was able to salvage every last scrap of metal, such as hinges.

Before the work of Lyell, phenomena such as earthquakes were understood by the destruction that they brought.

Before the advent of rock and roll, concept albums had their original heyday in jazz of the early to mid ' 50s with artists such as Nat King Cole and Frank Sinatra, the latter of whom would record numerous concept albums for Capitol throughout the last half of the ' 50s such as In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Where Are You?

Before the RISC philosophy became prominent, many computer architects tried to bridge the so called semantic gap, i. e. to design instruction sets that directly supported high-level programming constructs such as procedure calls, loop control, and complex addressing modes, allowing data structure and array accesses to be combined into single instructions.

Before going further with serious experimentation, it can be convenient to check one ’ s programs at the PC using a suitable cross-assembler, such as the portable PDP-8 / DG Nova cross-assembler listed in the External links section, before attempting execution in the RDOS environment.

Before the advent of computer filter synthesis tools, graphical tools such as Bode plots and Nyquist plots were extensively used as design tools.

Before the widespread use of non-linear editing systems, the initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint ( cutting copy in UK ) by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a Moviola, or " flatbed " machine such as a K .- E .- M. or Steenbeck.

Before Moseley's discovery, the atomic numbers ( or elemental number ) of an element had been thought of as a semi-arbitrary sequential number, based on the sequence of atomic masses, but modified somewhat where chemists found this to be desirable, such as by the great Russian chemist, Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleev.

Before Monty Python, they had worked on other shows such as the Ken Dodd Show, The Frost Report and Do Not Adjust Your Set.

Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed.

Before such elements were forced out of opera seria, many libretti had featured a separately unfolding comic plot as sort of an " opera-within-an-opera.

Before the specific dangers of conjugated equine estrogens were well understood, standard therapy was 0. 625 mg / day of conjugated equine estrogens ( such as Premarin ).

In a 2011 news story, Investor's Business Daily wrote, " Before the mortgage crisis, Attorney General Janet Reno accused banks of racism for failing to market mortgages to poor minorities with weak credit.

Before the economic crisis of late 2008, the MoMA ’ s board of trustees decided to sell its equities in order to move into an all-cash position.

Before and after the late-2000s financial crisis, banking regulators worried that banks were incorrectly reporting non-traded assets as held in their “ trading account ” because of lower regulatory capital requirements for such assets.

Before the energy crisis, large, heavy, and powerful cars were the standard in the U. S. By 1971, the standard engine in a Chevrolet Caprice was a 400-cubic inch ( 6. 5 liter ) V8.

Before the crisis, the exchange rate between the rupiah and the dollar was roughly 2, 600 rupiah to 1 USD.

Before the crisis, Malaysia had a large current account deficit of 5 % of its GDP.

( 1946 ); “ Essentials for Nigeria ’ s Survival .” ( 1965 ); “ Before Us Lies The Open Grave ” ( 1947 ); “ The Future of Pan-Africanism ” ( 1961 ); “ The Realities of African Unity ” ( 1965 ); “ Origins of the Nigerian Civil War ” ( 1969 ); I Believe in a One Nigeria ( 1969 ); Peace Proposals for Ending the Nigerian Civil War ( 1969 ); Dialogue on a New Capital for Nigeria ( 1974 ); “ Creation of More States in Nigeria, A Political Analysis ” ( 1974 ); Democracy with Military Vigilance ( 1974 ); “ Reorientation of Nigerian Ideologies: lecture on 9 December 1976, on eve of the launching of the UNN Endowment Fund ” ( 1976 ); Our Struggle for Freedom ; Onitsha Market Crisis ( 1976 ); Let Us Forgive Our Children, An appeal to the leaders and people of Onitsha during the market crisis ( 1976 ); A Collection of Poems ( 1977 ); Civil War Soliloquies: More Collection of Poems ( 1977 ); “ Themes in African Social and Political Thought ” ( 1978 ); Restoration of Nigerian Democracy ( 1978 ); Matchless Past Performance: My Reply to Chief Awolowo ’ s Challenge ( 1979 ); A Matter of Conscience ( 1979 ); Ideology for Nigeria: Capitalism, Socialism or Welfarism?

Before the new constitution was enacted, President Boris Yeltsin had dissolved the Congress of People's Deputies and Supreme Soviet of Russia during the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, although he did not have the formal constitutional powers to do so.

* Before War: Elgin produced, directed and edited this half-hour video in 1992 for MPAC ( Mid-Peninsula Public Access ) TV in Palo Alto, California, interviewing six professionals working in the area of conflict resolution and offering diverse, non-violent ways of responding to the crisis in Iraq and the middle-east.

Before the oil crisis felt weighed about 15 pounds per square ( one square = 100 square feet ) and hence the asphalt-impregnated felt was called " 15 #" or " 15 pound felt ".

Before launching these militant struggles, Chūkaku-ha analyzed the post-World War II world system and concluded that the world ruling system of imperialism and Stalinism was beginning to be fundamentally destabilized because of quagmire of Vietnam War, fundamental and unsolvable crisis of dollar system and IMF system, and contradiction of Stalinism.

Before McManaman arrived, the club was described as undergoing a management and debt crisis and Raúl González told the press: " The dressing room is a cesspit of lies, treachery and whispers ... I feel sorry for new players like Steve McManaman coming into the club.

Before the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98, Jomo was an early advocate of appropriate new capital account management measures, which then Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad later introduced.

Before the financial crisis, food banks were " almost unheard of " in the UK.

Before the Yugoslav wars it would employ 4, 500 workers at full capacity, but it underwent an economic crisis during the war in Croatia and has still to fully recover.

Two further series both having 3 episodes, forced more on specific issues The Last Show Before The Recovery, started on 7 June 2009, which looked at the banking crisis, and The Daily Wind-Up, aired from the 2nd of May until the 4th May 2010, and focused on the 2010 United Kingdom General Election.

Before the elections that were scheduled for 28 May 1967, with expectations of a wide Center Union victory, a number of conservative National Radical Union politicians feared that the policies of left-wing Centrists, including Andreas Papandreou ( the son of Georgios Papandreou, Sr .), would lead to a constitutional crisis.

Before, and during, the Kokkina crisis, Karayiannis found himself charged with duties to both the government of the Republic of Cyprus and of Greece, which became contradictory because of the lack of agreement between the two governments.

Before the crisis, Brazil and Mexico tried to borrow money to enhance economic stability and reduce the poverty rate.

Before the crisis, Cuba used more pesticides than the U. S .. Much of their land was so damaged ( de-mineralized and almost sand-like ) that it took three to five years of intensely " healing " the soil with amendments, compost, " green manure ", and practices such as crop rotation and inter-planting ( mixed crops grown in same plot ) to return it to a healthy state.

Before the Draft Act was passed Baker had confidentially briefed governors, sheriffs, and prospective draft board members on the administration of the measure -- and the confidence was kept so well that only one newspaper learned what was going on.

Before the fight was over, the Harlem boy had a concussion and Trig was cut up badly.

Before he left the apartment he knocked on their door and asked if there was anything he could do for them.

Before he left town Pat saw to it that I was fixed up with a job.

Before the airplanes came, he said, travel in Laos was just about impossible.

Before coming on a visit to Spelman in 1885, Miss Mary had been a successful teacher in Worcester, and her position there was held open for her for a considerable period.

Before he was forty Griffith had created the art of the film.

Before appealing to the U.N. or to Russia, he first appealed to the U.S. for military help, and was rejected.

Before her chore was finished she was rescuing wind-blown sheets of music, trundling microphones about the stage, helping to move the piano and otherwise joining in the informal atmosphere.

Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols.

Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term " ocean " itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic.

Before he could pass the river with safety, however, it was necessary to subdue certain fortresses, one of which was for several days vigorously defended by the governor, Yussuf el-Harezmi, a Khwarezmian.

Before the 1989 series began, the win-loss ratio was almost even, with 87 wins for Australia to England's 86, 74 having been drawn.

Before the late modern era, the abbot was treated with the utmost reverence by the brethren of his house.

Before the creation of the world, God was all by Himself, in a Self-absorbed state.

Before the Tennessee electorate voted on secession, Johnson, at his peril, toured the state, speaking in opposition to the measure, contending it was unconstitutional.

Before his death, he was absolved from the excommunication ; moreover, the Pope also promised that the King of Hungary and his relatives would not be excommunicated without the special permission of the Pope.

Before the 2007 season began, Vick was suspended indefinitely by the NFL after pleading guilty to charges involving dog fighting in the state of Virginia.

Before the War, Paul was a creative, sensitive, and passionate person, writing poems and having a clear love for his family.

Before the war Tjaden was a locksmith.