Before the advent of printing, breviaries were written by hand and were often richly decorated with initials and miniature illustrations telling stories in the lives of Christ or the saints, or stories from the Bible.

Before the advent of rock and roll, concept albums had their original heyday in jazz of the early to mid ' 50s with artists such as Nat King Cole and Frank Sinatra, the latter of whom would record numerous concept albums for Capitol throughout the last half of the ' 50s such as In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Where Are You?

Before the advent of fast computing machines, solving a dynamical system required sophisticated mathematical techniques and could be accomplished only for a small class of dynamical systems.

Before the advent of government-funded public schools, the primary mode of education for those of the lower classes was the charity school, pioneered during the 19th century by Protestant organizations and adapted for use by the Roman Catholic Church and governmental bodies.

Before the advent of computer filter synthesis tools, graphical tools such as Bode plots and Nyquist plots were extensively used as design tools.

Before the advent of machine tools, metal was worked manually using the basic hand tools of hammers, files, scrapers, saws and chisels.

Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables.

Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).

Before the advent of wax candles in the 14th century, this office was said in the dark or with minimal lighting ; and monks were expected to memorise everything.

Before the advent of direct-dialed long distance calls, a subscriber would need to contact the long-distance operator in order to place a toll call.

Before the advent of the pocket calculator, it was the most commonly used calculation tool in science and engineering.

Before the advent of the British, no empire based in mainland India had controlled any part of what now makes up the country's Northeast, part of the reason for the ongoing insurgency in Northeast India.

Before the advent of modern antibiotics, oil of thyme was used to medicate bandages.

Before the advent of the touchpad, small trackballs were common on portable computers, where there may be no desk space on which to run a mouse.

" Before the advent of Islam, the city was known as Yathrib but was personally renamed by Muhammad.

Before the advent of the CCD beam profiler, the beam width was estimated using the knife-edge technique: slice a laser beam with a razor and measure the power of the clipped beam as a function of the razor position.

Before the advent of DVD and Blu-ray, the Video CD ( abbreviated as VCD, and also known as View CD, Compact Disc digital video ) became the first format for distributing films on standard 120 mm optical discs.

Before the advent of artificial refrigeration, Madeira wine was particularly prized in areas where it was impractical to construct wine cellars ( as in parts of the southern United States ) because, unlike many other fine wines, it could survive being stored over hot summers without significant damage.

Before the advent of anesthesia, surgery was a traumatically painful procedure and surgeons were encouraged to be as swift as possible to minimize patient suffering.

Before the advent of VLSI devices, TTL integrated circuits were a standard method of construction for the processors of mini-computer and mainframe processors ; such as the DEC VAX and Data General Eclipse, and for equipment such as machine tool numerical controls, printers and video display terminals.

Before the advent of modern pipes, water was brought from an outdoor source such as wells, pumps or springs.

Before the advent of disk operating systems and the ability to record large data files, core dumps were paper printouts of the contents of memory, typically arranged in columns of octal or hexadecimal numbers ( a " hex dump "), sometimes accompanied by their interpretations as machine language instructions, text strings, or decimal or floating-point numbers ( cf.

Before the advent of the modern critical edition of historical Roman works, AUC was indiscriminately added to them by earlier editors, making it appear more widely used than it actually was.

Before the advent of the codex ( book ), Latin and Greek script was written on scrolls.

Before the advent of radio, carrier pigeons were frequently used on the battlefield as a means for a mobile force to communicate with a stationary headquarters.

His mechanic Mabelli said about this race: " Before the start, Nuvolari told me to go down on the floor of the car every time he shouts, which was a signal that he went to a curve too fast and that we need to decrease the car ´ s center of mass.

Before the Divine Liturgy on this day, a special service, known as the " Triumph of Orthodoxy " is held in cathedrals and major monasteries, at which the synodicon ( containing anathemas against various heresies, and encomia of those who have held fast to the Christian faith ) is proclaimed.

Before a crowd of 67, 605, Secretariat and Sham set a fast early pace, opening ten lengths on the rest of the field.

Before interment the body should be wrapped in a shroud of silk or cotton, and a ring should be placed on its finger bearing the inscription " I came forth from God, and return unto Him, detached from all save Him, holding fast to His Name, the Merciful, the Compassionate ".

Before his assassination in April 1865, Abraham Lincoln had announced moderate plans for reconstruction to reintegrate the former Confederates as fast as possible.

Before playing, Harris often chalks his fingers, to make these fast patterns easier to play, as shown on the bonus DVD for the A Matter of Life and Death album.

Before long he sold it and opened a fast food restaurant, Troy's Pan Full of Chicken, on the edge of town.

Before the race Berger, apparently with the full support of the team, told the McLaren drivers who qualified 1-2 in front of him that he was going to go all out and run as fast as he could without worrying about running out of fuel to give a good show for the fans.

Before fast algorithms such as BLAST and FASTA were developed, doing database searches for protein or nucleic sequences was very time consuming because a full alignment procedure ( e. g., the Smith – Waterman algorithm ) was used.

Before this gathering, Andorran witches were required to fast and to sleep, but they sleep with one eye open, because if they were late for the gathering, the Devil would punish them.

Before Lizzie reaches the stadium, Peter has already lost two sets and is running behind in the third one due to the fast and forceful tricky serves by Jake.

Before painting on the eyes, the artisans fast for a day and eat only vegetarian food.

Before he can begin the " fast " part of the piece ( where the gags accelerate ), the mouse instigates a major musical shift, to a " Boogie-woogie " number.

Before each Speed Reader appearance, there would be a short film and " Speed Reader " song, showing Speed Reader reading fast.

" Before Schmidt it was impossible to build a large, fast reflector telescope which was not plagued by these errors.

Before the invention of the telegraph in the early to mid-19th century, news was as fast as the fastest horse or stagecoach or ship.

Before a 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup match in Japan, he implied that Canada would be willing to employ their physical style by noting that the Japanese players " don't run so fast when they're lying on the ground.

Before alveolars Old English æ became in Early Scots, remaining so, for example Modern Scots: bress ( brass ), clesp ( clasp ), ess ( ash ), fest ( fast ), gled ( glad ), gless ( glass ), gress ( grass ) and hesp ( hasp ) from bræs, claspe, æsce, fæst, glæd, glæs, gæs and hæpse.

Before taking the test, the patient may be instructed to fast for a period before the test will take place and to stop taking any medications.