Before Maimonides concluded this, Sunni Muslims officially prohibited mutah ( i. e. temporary marriage ) relationships ; some commentators ' suggest that Maimonides changed his view in response to this development, similar to Gershom ben Judah's ban on polygamy being made after Christians had prohibited it.

Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography ( see below ), the study of crystals was based on their geometry.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before the development of the electric guitar and the use of synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having " a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides ".

Before 1850 Germany lagged behind the leaders in industrial development, Britain, France and Belgium.

Before 1850 Germany lagged far behind the leaders in industrial development – Britain, France, and Belgium.

Before the development of the general-purpose computer, most calculations were done by humans.

Before the development of practical electronic TV, there were patents on mechanically scanned color systems as early as 1889 in Russia.

Before the development of the transformer, electric power distribution primarily used direct current at the same voltage used by motors and lights.

Before the development cotton gins, the cotton fibers had to be pulled from the seeds tediously by hand.

Before reclamation and development, the low-lying areas around this hill were largely marsh or tidal wetland, giving the hill much more the appearance of a " ness " than today.

Before the development of modern refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions.

Before the official development tools were released, most map development was done using aging tools such as Pfhorte-a Marathon map editor created in March 1995 by Steve Israelson.

Before the development of synthetic pigments, and the refinement of techniques for extracting mineral pigments, batches of color were often inconsistent.

Before the development of geologic concepts during the 19th century, the presence of mountains was explained in Christian contexts as a result of the Biblical Deluge.

Before much development flying could be done, however, the tailplane failed due to flutter in a diving test on 20 September.

Before the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide.

Before the development of silicon semiconductor rectifiers, vacuum tube diodes and copper ( I ) oxide or selenium rectifier stacks were used.

Before this development, firearms used flintlock ignition systems which produced flint-on-steel sparks to ignite a pan of priming powder and thereby fire the gun's main powder charge ( the flintlock mechanism replaced older ignition systems such as the matchlock and wheellock ).

Before the development of digital computing, serious trials based on automata such as El Ajedrecista of 1912, were too complex and limited to be useful for playing full games of chess.

Before a segment's narrative pattern was complete, an overall color scheme was designed to the general mood of the music, and patterned to correspond with the development of the subject matter.

The program at the Academy is guided by the Air Force's core values of " Integrity First, Service Before Self, and Excellence in All We Do ", and based on four " pillars of excellence ": military training, academics, athletics and character development.

Before the first small farm homes had been sold, Bud Wright's wife, Emily Vose Wright, a deeply religious woman, had christened the development Zelzah, a Biblical name for " oasis ," or " watering place in the desert.

Before tract development, beginning in the early 1970s, Lawrenceville was broadly defined as stretching two to three blocks back from Route 206.

Before he dies, he learns that Kent was the traitor, and he and Morgan reconcile.

Before the coming of the railway, with the opening of the Bexleyheath Line on 1 May 1895, Welling was a village on the main road between London and Kent ( Watling Street ).

Approached in 1926 by publisher R. R. Donnelley to produce an illustrated edition of Richard Henry Dana, Jr .' s Two Years Before the Mast, Kent suggested Moby-Dick instead.

Before the men on Kettle Hill could withdraw, General Wheeler called aside Generals Kent and Sumner, and reassured them that the line could be held.

Before the company moved to Arizona from Riverside, California in 1994, it became a center of controversy when a county coroner ruled that Alcor client Dora Kent ( Alcor board member Saul Kent's mother ) was murdered with barbiturates before her head was removed for neuropreservation by the company's staff.

Before the 2002 season it was known as Old Kent Park ; the name was changed when the park's title sponsor, Old Kent Bank, was purchased by Fifth Third Bank.

Before playing the song Painkiller Gale announced to the audience that although it wouldn't be obvious to most people the song was heavily influenced by Talk Talk and by the work they did with producer Phill Brown in the Kent countryside some years ago.

Before abolition of gavelkind tenure by the Administration of Estates Act of 1925, all land in Kent was presumed to be held by gavelkind until the contrary was proved.

Before railways, the George Inn on Borough High Street was the hub of coach services to Kent, Surrey and Sussex.

Before dying she confesses to Felix that she always loved Kent.

Before Chapman assumed the Kent captaincy, the county team was sharply divided along social lines and the amateur leadership was aloof from and often dismissive of the professional players.

Before the end of the 6th century most of the Jutes of Kent had been converted.

Before commercial breaks, Kent would give the audience bits of trivia relating to the subject ; episodes also included a timeline which would give important events occurring around the time of the events discussed in the show.

Before the Test matches he took 14 wickets for 116 runs ( 14 / 116 ) against the Players followed by 12 / 84 against Kent at Gravesend.

: Before his departure, Kent Jones would introduce the segment by saying that Maddow was " the world's leading expert on ...", then usually add something in based on what was discussed in the prior segment.

Before coming to the Northwestern faculty in 1996, Lindgren taught at several law schools, including the Universities of Connecticut, Virginia, Texas, and Chicago, and Chicago Kent College of Law.

Before Mary's ascent to the throne, John Foxe, one of the few clerics of his day who was against the burning of even obstinate heretics, had approached John Rogers to intervene on behalf of Joan of Kent, a female Anabaptist who was sentenced with burning in 1550.